摘要
失信惩戒机制是社会信用体系的核心构件之一,完整的失信惩戒机制由公共型失信惩戒机制和市场型失信惩戒机制共同组成。公共型失信惩戒机制使用公权力,可用作政府治理社会和市场信用监管的工具,主要在信控的事后处理区段对严重失信违规的市场主体实施行政处罚,其惩戒力度和震慑力非常强。它虽然只作用于国内,却能覆盖市场和社会领域。市场型失信惩戒机制能将惩戒失信主体的权力授予授信主体,使其能自主地对失信者施以经济惩罚,主要在信控的事前防范区段实施,在打击失信的密度和纵深方面具有明显优势。它的运行遵循市场规则,虽只在市场领域发挥作用,却可延伸至国际市场。公共型失信惩戒机制和市场型失信惩戒机制之间存在功能强互补关系,相互配合可使失信惩戒力度倍增。因此,"十四五"期间,应在保证公共型失信惩戒机制完成法治化转型的同时,尽快再次启动市场型失信惩戒机制建设。
The dishonesty disciplinary mechanism is one of the core components of the social credit system,and a complete dishonesty disciplinary mechanism consists of both the public-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism and the market-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism. The public-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism uses public power and can be used as a tool for the government to govern the society and regulate the credit market. It imposes administrative penalties on market players with serious default violations mainly in the post-processing section of credit control, which displays very strong disciplinary strength and deterrent effect.Although the public-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism only works domestically, it can cover both the market and the social areas. The market-based dishonesty disciplinary mechanism can grant the power to discipline dishonesty subjects to the granting subjects so that they can autonomously impose economic penalties on defaulters.This mechanism is mainly implemented in the ex-ante prevention section of credit control and has obvious advantages in terms of density and depth in combating dishonesty behaviors. Its operation follows the market rules and can be extended to the international market, although it only functions in the domestic market. There is a strong complementary relationship between the public and market-based dishonesty disciplinary mechanisms in function and the combination of them can multiply the strength of the disciplinary effects. Therefore, the construction of market-based dishonesty disciplinary mechanism should be started again as soon as possible while ensuring the completion of the transformation of the rule of law of the public-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.
作者
林钧跃
Lin Junyue(Credit Academic Committee of China Market Society,Beijing 100192,China)
出处
《征信》
北大核心
2022年第1期11-25,共15页
Credit Reference
关键词
社会信用体系
失信惩戒机制
公共型失信惩戒机制
市场型失信惩戒机制
强互补关系
法治化转型
social credit system
dishonesty disciplinary mechanism
public-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism
market-type dishonesty disciplinary mechanism
strong complementary relationship
rule of law transformation
