摘要
本试验旨在研究发酵菌糠替代白酒糟对育肥牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物菌群结构和功能的影响。选取18月龄、体重[(350±30)kg]接近和健康状况良好的育肥牛(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛)24头,随机分为3组,每组8头。对照组粗饲料以白酒糟、稻草和全株玉米青贮组成,记为白酒糟组(DG组),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别用发酵菌糠替代对照组50%和100%白酒糟(干物质基础),分别记为白酒糟-发酵菌糠组(DG-FSMS组)和发酵菌糠组(FSMS组)。预试期14 d,正试期60 d,于正试期第60天晨饲前采集各组瘤胃液,提取总DNA后采用16S rRNA通用引物扩增,并用Illumina HiSeq平台测序。结果表明:1)3组育肥牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH 3-N)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)共获得有效序列1629727条,聚类后得217个操作分类单元(OTU),3组间的共享OTU有215个。3)微生物组成分析发现,在门水平上,3组优势菌门均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,其中DG-FSMS组TM7相对丰度显著低于FSMS组(P<0.05);在属水平上,3组优势菌属均为普雷沃氏菌属,DG组瘤胃球菌属相对丰度显著高于DG-FSMS和FSMS组(P<0.05)。DG组假丁酸弧菌属相对丰度显著低于DG-FSMS组(P<0.05)。DG组脱硫弧菌属相对丰度极显著高于DG-FSMS组(P<0.01),FSMS组显著高于DG-FSMS组(P<0.05)。4)多样性分析发现,3组间微生物α多样性指数差异不显著(P>0.05),β多样性仅DG组和DG-FSMS组主成分2(13.48%)差异显著(P<0.05)。5)通过重建未观测状态(PICRUSt)分析发现,在第2层级中有4条代谢通路相关功能基因丰度有显著差异(P<0.05),发酵菌糠替代白酒糟降低了脂类代谢和遗传信息处理代谢通路相关功能基因丰度,提高了其他次生代谢产物的生物合成和其他氨基酸代谢通路相关功能基因丰度。在第3层级中发现3组共有24条代谢通路相关功能基因丰度有显著差异(P<0.05),发酵菌糠替代白酒糟主要降低了脂肪酸合成、脂肪酸代谢、糖酵�
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing distiller’s grains with the fermented spent mushroom substrate on rumen fermentation parameters,microbial community structure and function of fattening cattle.For this purpose,24 healthy fattening cattles with similar body weight[(350±30)kg]and similar age(18 months of age)were selected and divided into 3 groups(DG,DG-FSMS and FSMS groups)with 8 cattle in each group.The roughage of the control group was consisted of distiller’s grains,rice straw and whole-plant silage corn,and in diets for cattle in the other two groups,50%and 70%fermented spent mushroom substrate(dry matter base)were included to replace part of distiller’s grains in the basal diet.The pre-feeding period was 14 days and the normal feeding period was 60 days.Before morning feeding on day 60 of the normal feeding period,the total DNA of rumen content and universal prokaryote primers were used to hypervariable region of 16S rRNA,finally the products were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform.The results showed as follows:1)there was no significant difference in rumen volatile fatty acids(VFA)and ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)contents of fattening cattle among 3 groups(P>0.05).2)A total of 1629727 sequences across all rumen content and fecal samples were generated,and the total number of operational taxonomic units(OTU)detected by the cluster analysis reached 217,and there were 215 shared OTU among 3 groups.3)Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant in rumen under phyla level,and the relative abundance of TM7 in the DG-FSMS group was significantly lower than that in the FSMS group(P<0.05).Prevotella was the most abundant in rumen under genus level,and the relative abundance of Ruminococcusin in the DG group was significantly higher than that in the DG-FSMS and FSMS groups(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrioin in the DG group was significantly lower than that in the DG-FSMS group(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in the DG group w
作者
钟港
陈东
田科雄
张佩华
苏华维
邓攀
李秋凤
万发春
ZHONG Gang;CHEN Dong;TIAN Kexiong;ZHANG Peihua;SU Huawei;DENG Pan;LI Qiufeng;WAN Fachun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期381-394,共14页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501800)
湖南省草食动物产业技术体系
中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(2021QZY037)。
关键词
发酵菌糠
育肥牛
瘤胃
微生物
功能
16S
rRNA
fermented spent mushroom substrate
fattening cattle
rumen
microorganism
function
16S rRNA
