摘要
Introduction End-stage liver disease(ESLD)refers to the terminal stage of liver disease caused by various types of chronic liver damage.It is characterized by severely impaired liver function and hepatic decompensation.ESLD can present as acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis(ADC),acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF),chronic liver failure(CLF),and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).ESLD is frequently accompanied by various complications and life-threatening clinical issues,including infection(such as pneumonia or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis),hepatic encephalopathy(HE),hepatorenal syndrome(HRS),and esophageal varices with bleeding.[1]Herein,we briefly review the significant achievements in the management of multiple complications in ESLD,particularly in bacterial or fungal infections,acute kidney injury(AKI),HE,stem cell treatment,and blood purification.
