摘要
作为无线传感器网络(wireless sensor networks,WSNs)的关键技术之一,分簇路由协议因其可扩展性较强及能耗较低等优势,逐渐成为WSNs路由协议的研究热点.如何对簇首进行最佳化选取,是提高分簇路由协议性能的关键.通过揭示不同场景中的簇首数量及网络能耗之间的映射关系,以能耗最小化为目标,构建了簇首最佳规模及最佳位置的计算理论;面向不同规模的网络讨论了簇间多跳策略的使用条件,提出了虚拟簇首及其虚拟力的概念,构建了虚拟簇首与边界、节点及其他虚拟簇首之间的3种虚拟力模型,讨论了不同虚拟力的最佳距离阈值;为实现网络能耗的最小化及均衡化,设置了关于剩余能量及距离因子的适应度函数,形成了基于虚拟力的能量高效路由协议.实验结果表明:在多种规模的网络中,与基于适应度值的改进灰狼优化器、改进的低能耗自适应聚类层次结构协议以及改进的分布式能量高效分簇算法相比,该算法使簇首分布更均匀、节点能耗更低且更均衡.
As one of the key technologies of wireless sensor networks(WSNs),clustering routing protocol has gradually become a research hotspot of WSNs routing protocol due to its advantages of strong scalability and low energy consumption.How to select the optimal cluster head is the key to improve the performance of cluster routing protocol.In this study,by revealing the mapping relationship among cluster head number and the network energy consumption in different scenarios,with the goal of minimizing energy consumption,the calculation theory of optimal number of cluster heads is constructed.The conditions of using multi-hop strategy among clusters are discussed for different scale networks;the concept of virtual cluster head and its three virtual force models is proposed.Three virtual force models between virtual cluster head and boundaries,node and other virtual cluster heads are constructed,and the optimal distance thresholds for different virtual forces and the differences are discussed.In order to realize the minimization and equalization of network energy consumption,the fitness function of residual energy and distance factor is set up to form an energy efficient routing protocol based on virtual force.The experimental results show that in networks of various scales,compared with the fitness-value based improved gray wolf optimizer,the improved low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol and the modified distributed energy efficient clustering algorithm,the algorithm proposed in this studymakes the cluster head more uniform,the node energy consumption lower and more balanced,and the network life is effectively extended.
作者
赵小强
崔砚鹏
郭铮
刘敏
李雄
文秦
ZHAO Xiao-Qiang;CUI Yan-Peng;GUO Zheng;LIU Min;LI Xiong;WEN Qin(School of Communication and Information Engineering,Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,Xi’an 710121,China;Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications,Ministry of Education(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications),Beijing 100876,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security(Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications),Xi’an 710121,China)
出处
《软件学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期622-640,共19页
Journal of Software
基金
国家自然科学基金-雅砻江联合基金(U1965102)
陕西省创新人才推进计划-物联网科技创新团队(2019TD-028)。
关键词
无线传感器网络
分簇路由协议
簇首最佳数量
虚拟力
wireless sensor networks(WSNs)
clustering routing protocol
optimal number of cluster heads
virtual force
