摘要
非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染家猪和野猪而引起的一种急性烈性、高度接触性传染病,到目前为止仍未研制出有效疫苗,因此病原的早发现对ASF防控尤为重要。ASFV的病原学检测主要包括活病毒检测、核酸检测和抗原检测。活病毒检测中,病毒分离和红细胞吸附试验均耗时较长,且对实验室要求较高,通常只有被参考实验室采用。病毒核酸检测中,普通PCR和实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)是OIE推荐的首选诊断方法,其特异性和灵敏度均较高,但操作复杂、成本高;等温扩增技术操作简单、成本低,不需要特殊仪器,检测时间短、携带方便、灵敏度高,适用于屠宰场、养殖场现场检测,但因特异性不高,需要不断更新和改进;微流控芯片法具有样品消耗少、检测速度快、操作简便、便于携带等优点,但检测成本高,需要特定的设备,尚未被广泛使用。抗原检测技术中,荧光抗体检测(FAT)对实验室要求较高,不适合现场检测;夹心ELISA和胶体金免疫试纸条检测快速,操作简单,检测成本低,但敏感性和特异性还需改进。ASF病原学检测技术虽很成熟,但各有不足,所以应根据实际情况结合使用。
African swine fever(ASF)was an acute,severe and highly contagious disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV)infecting domestic pigs and wild boars. Early detection of any pathogen would be particularly important for the prevention and control of ASF as no effective vaccine had been available till now. The etiological detection of ASFV mainly included the detection of live virus,nucleic acid and antigen. For the detection of live virus,virus isolation and erythrocyte adsorption were time-consuming and required more for laboratories,which were generally used by reference laboratories only. For the detection of viral nucleic acid,ordinary PCR and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR),with high specificity and sensitivity,were the preferred diagnostic methods recommended by OIE,but their operation was complex with high cost;isothermal amplification technology was suitable for slaughterhouses and field detection on farms,as it was simple with low cost,rapid detection,portability and high sensitivity,and no special instruments would be needed,but it should be constantly updated and improved due to its low specificity;and microfluidic chip,with high cost,had not been widely used as specific instruments would be needed,although it was characterized by low consumption of samples,rapid detection,simple operation and portability. For the detection of antigen,fluorescent antibody detection(FAT)required more for laboratories and was not suitable for field detection;while sandwich ELISA and colloidal gold immunoassay strip were rapid and simple with low cost,but their sensitivity and specificity needed to be improved. In conclusion,the ASF etiology detection techniques should be used depending on actual conditions as each of them was with specific shortcomings although they were very mature.
作者
王翠
许宗丽
黄溢泓
覃艳然
梁竞臻
周师师
刘针伶
黄小武
马小蓉
李志源
严斯刚
Wang Cui;Xu Zhongli;Huang Yihong;Qin Yanran;Liang Jingzhen;Zhou Shishi;Liu Zhenling;Huang Xiaowu;Ma Xiaorong;Li Zhiyuan;Yan Sigang(Liuzhou Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control,Guangxi,Liuzhou 545005,China)
出处
《中国动物检疫》
CAS
2022年第2期74-81,共8页
China Animal Health Inspection
基金
柳州市科学研究与科技开发项目(2020NACB0801)。
