摘要
土壤微生物是土壤中最活跃的组成部分,直接或间接参与成土过程、有机质分解、养分循环、植物根系对土壤的资源吸收、种子萌发等生态学过程,对陆地生态系统功能具有重要作用.在人类活动日益加剧的驱动下,土壤结构和植被类型变化及其交互作用对土壤中微生物群落结构和功能产生了多方面的效应,揭示其机理可为生态系统管理、生态恢复、农业发展提供理论依据.本文综述土壤结构和植物生长对土壤微生物组成和功能的影响,阐述土壤、植物和微生物群落之间的相互影响与反馈作用机理.土壤结构条件越好,土壤微生物群落多样性越高,因为它控制着土壤养分含量、水分分布和气体流动,调节微环境异质性,从而直接或间接控制着微生物组成.植物多样性越丰富,凋落物和根系分泌物的差异越大,土壤微生物群落多样性越高.通常自然植被群落土壤质量优于人工植被群落,因而有较高的微生物多样性和微生物量.特殊植被功能组(如豆科)是影响微生物群落的重要因素,与微生物之间存在协同关系,相互促进.最后从土壤结构对微生物群落功能的影响、植物在不同时空尺度下对微生物群落的影响,以及结合土壤理化性质和植物对土壤微生物群落在大尺度上进行预测这3个方面进行展望.
Soil microorganisms are the most active compositions in soil and directly or indirectly participate in soil pedogenesis, organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, as well as seed germination, and play an essential role in terrestrial ecosystem functions. Driven by increasing human activities, changes in soil structure and vegetation types have multiple effects on the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Therefore, explaining the processes and mechanisms of the influences of soil structure and plants on the structure and function of soil microbial communities can provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem management, ecological restoration, and agricultural development. This study reviewed the effects of soil structure and plant growth on the composition and function of soil microorganisms and presented the interaction and feedback mechanisms between soil, plants, and microbial communities. The results showed that soil structure directly or indirectly influences microbial composition by controlling soil nutrient content, water distribution, and gas flow, and regulates microenvironment heterogeneity. Plant diversity enhances the diversity of soil microbial communities by altering the quality and quantity of litter and root exudates. Generally, natural vegetation has higher microbial diversity and microbial biomass than artificial vegetation because of better soil quality under natural vegetation. Specific plant functional groups, such as legumes, are also considered to be significant factors influencing the soil microbial community. Further studies should focus on the effect of soil structure on the function of microbial communities, the impact of plants on microbial communities at different space-time scales, and the prediction of microbial communities by soil physicochemical properties and plants on a large scale.
作者
黄龙
包维楷
李芳兰
胡慧
HUANG Long;BAO Weikai;LI Fanglan;HU Hui(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1725-1731,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505105)
四川省重大科技专项(2018SZDZX0035)资助。
