摘要
阿拉斯加开发与保护的历史,是美国环境政治史研究领域的典型案例。1971年《阿拉斯加原住民土地赔偿安置法》的颁布,解决了一直拖延的阿拉斯加原住民土地索赔问题,并在国会立法时加入了环境保护的因素,最终成为阿拉斯加荒野保护的基础。在《阿拉斯加原住民土地赔偿安置法》的基础上,环境保护主义者积极争取,启动了美国最大的保护立法。环境保护主义者与开发势力经历了异常激烈的辩论和竞争,最终推动了1980年《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》的通过。该法案保留了有史以来最大面积的荒野地区,但也保留了继续进行经济开发的权利,最终达成了阿拉斯加各方势力之间暂时的妥协与平衡。从《阿拉斯加原住民土地赔偿安置法》到《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》,从土地索赔到荒野保护,阿拉斯加环保之争反复爆发。综合研究《阿拉斯加原住民土地赔偿安置法》和《阿拉斯加原住民土地赔偿安置法》的制定和实施,梳理它们之间的联系和承接,分析各方势力的冲突和平衡,有助于我们更好地理解环境保护斗争的复杂性。
The history of Alaska’s development and conservation is a typical case in the field of American environmental political history research. The enactment of "Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act" in 1971 resolved the long-delayed issue of Alaska native land claims, and added environmental protection factors to the legislation of Congress, which eventually became the basis of Alaska’s wilderness conservation. On the basis of "Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act", environmentalists actively launched the largest protection legislation in the United States. After fierce debate and competition with development forces, environmentalists finally pushed for the passage of "Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act", which preserves the largest wilderness area in history and also reserves the right to continue economic development, therefore ultimately reaching a temporary compromise and balance between the various forces in Alaska. From"Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act" to "Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act", from land claims to wilderness conservation, battles for environmental protection in Alaska have never been settled. It is helpful for us to better understand the complexities of the fight for environmental protection by comprehensively studying the formulation and implementation of "Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act" and"Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act", sorting out the connection and succession between them, and analyzing the conflict and balance of various forces.
出处
《鄱阳湖学刊》
2021年第6期78-90,126,共14页
Journal of Poyang Lake
