摘要
为解决养殖业废弃物沼液长期灌溉引起农田盐渍化风险问题,本研究选择油葵作为沼液消纳作物研究其耐盐碱性并进行大田验证。通过室内模拟沼液中盐分主要的胁迫类型,配制不同浓度盐、碱离子进行油葵种子发芽胁迫实验,明确油葵发芽期对沼液中盐、碱胁迫的耐受阈值,同时大田实验设置不同沼液灌溉量灌溉油葵,观测生长状况和农艺性状,综合分析油葵对盐、碱胁迫的响应机制。结果表明,油葵发芽对中性盐耐受阈值在180~240 mmol∙L^(-1)之间,对碱性盐离子耐受阈值在60~120 mmol∙L^(-1)之间。发芽过程中,碱性盐离子浓度为60 mmol∙L^(-1)时,细胞膜相对透性为24%,与中性盐(22%)相近,但相对盐害率为32.36%,显著高于中性盐处理(1.45%),K^(+)/Na^(+)下降91.11%~92.81%,中性盐处理下K^(+)/Na^(+)下降79.90%~87.33%。大田试验利用Na^(+)浓度约为35 mmol∙L^(-1)沼液长期灌溉油葵,在低灌溉量(150 m^(3)∙hm^(-2))下,油葵各农艺性状变化不大,且K^(+)/Na^(+)差异不显著,但在高灌溉量(600 m^(3)∙hm^(-2))下,油葵生长各农艺指标受到抑制,各组织K^(+)/Na^(+)下降57%~88%。研究表明,碱性盐产生的高pH危害高于盐离子渗透胁迫,且碱性盐会更大程度破坏油葵离子稳态,影响油葵发芽与生长。利用养殖业废弃物中沼液作为再生水资源灌溉农田,应控制其HCO_(3)^(-)、CO_(3)^(2-)的含量,调控废水pH,以降低对农作物的伤害。
To solve the risk of farmland salinization caused by long-term irrigation of biogas slurry,sunflower was selected as the biogas slurry-absorbing crop to study its saline-alkali resistance and to conduct field verification.In the laboratory experiment,sunflowers were treated with different concentrations of neutral salt and alkali solution to simulate the main stress types of salt in biogas slurry,to determine the tolerance threshold of sunflower during the germination period under salt and alkali stress.At the same time,sunflowers were irrigated with different amounts of biogas slurry in field experiments,and the growth status and agronomic characteristics were observed to comprehensively analyze the response mechanism of sunflower to salt and alkali stress.The results demonstrated that the tolerance threshold of sunflower to neutral salt ranged from 180 mmol∙L^(-1) to 240 mmol∙L^(-1),and the tolerance threshold to alkaline salt ranged from 60 mmol∙L^(-1) to 120 mmol∙L^(-1).When the concentration of alkaline salt was 60 mmol∙L^(-1),the relative permeability of the cell membrane was 24%,which was similar to that of the neutral salt(22%),but the relative salt harm rate was 32.36%,which was significantly higher than that of the neutral salt(1.45%).K^(+)/Na^(+)decreased by 91.11%~92.81%,which was higher than that decreased by the neutral salt(79.90%~87.33%).Meanwhile,when the sunflower was irrigated with 35 mmol∙L^(-1) Na^(+)concentration biogas slurry for a long time in the field experiment,there was no significant change in K^(+)/Na^(+)in the low irrigation rate(150 m^(3)∙hm^(-2)),but the production of sunflower was significantly inhibited at high irrigation rates(600 m^(3)∙hm^(-2)),and K^(+)/Na^(+)decreased by 57%~88%in all tissues.The results showed that the damage of high pH caused by alkaline salt is more harmful than that by salt ion osmotic stress,and the alkaline salt would destroy the ionic homeostasis of sunflowers to a greater extent and affect the germination and growth of sunflowers.Furt
作者
范佳雪
李永涛
胡传鹤
李杰
张振
李冬琴
李文彦
FAN Jiaxue;LI Yongtao;HU Chuanhe;LI Jie;ZHANG Zhen;LI Dongqin;LI Wenyan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi′an 710016,China;College of Nat-ural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Research Institute of Wen′s Foodstuff Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangdong,Yunfu 527400,China)
出处
《农业资源与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期193-200,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2020A1515010556)
温氏食品集团股份有限公司五五规划重点项目(WENS-2020-1-ZDHB-001)。
关键词
油葵
沼液
盐胁迫
碱胁迫
离子稳态
sunflower
biogas slurry
salt stress
alkali stress
ionic homeostasis
