摘要
电转气(power-to-gas)是一项将电能转化为高能量密度可燃气体的化学储能技术,该技术与地质储能相结合,有望满足未来大容量储能需求,并成为未来有效储能技术选择之一。电转气地质储能技术中涉及电离制氢、甲烷化、二氧化碳(CO_(2))地质储存、人工合成甲烷(CH_(4))地质储存4个阶段。由于电转气地质储能技术发展处于初步阶段,且涉及多个技术环节,对其技术整体的经济性分析相对较少,有必要对电转气地质储能技术的经济性展开分析,便于探索电转气地质储能技术在中国的应用潜能。本文基于大量文献调研,首先,对电离制氢与甲烷化过程展开技术经济性分析;随后,分别对CH_(4)与CO_(2)地质储存的技术经济性展开分析;进而,将整个流程不同工况下的成本估算结果进行统计分析,并通过与抽水蓄能和压缩空气储能进行技术经济对比,明确了电转气地质储能的技术成本;最后,针对该技术在中国应用的机遇与挑战进行了分析。研究发现:碱性电解液电解技术(alkaline electrolysis,AEL)目前因较低投资成本更具优势,大约为7850元/kW;在技术进步的基础上,聚合物电解质膜技术(polymer electrolyte membrane,PEM)的投资成本有望于2050年降低至约为当前AEL技术投资成本的一半;生物甲烷化及催化甲烷化中的三相甲烷化技术仍处于实验和示范阶段,而催化甲烷化中的绝热固定床甲烷化技术因为已有较成熟的商业应用更具技术优势,其技术成本有望于2050年降低至目前的50%~60%;CH_(4)地质储能设施的开发成本变化浮动很大,因为这些成本受储能类型及各项特性参数的影响。基于文献数据可知:CH_(4)地质储能中含水层储能与枯竭油气田储能的投资成本相当,在1.88~3.30元/m^(3)范围内浮动;盐穴储能相对投资成本较高,约为含水层储能、枯竭油气田储能技术的两倍;CO_(2)地质储存成本变化范围很广,除个别
Power-to-gas is a chemical energy storage technology that converts electrical energy into combustible gas with high energy density.Combined with subsurface energy storage,it is expected to meet the demand for a large capacity of energy storage,and it will become one of the most effective energy storage technologies in the future.Power-to-gas based subsurface energy storage includes four stages of hydrogen produc-tion from electrolysis,methanation,geological storage of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and geological storage of synthetic methane(CH_(4)).Since the de-velopment of power-to-gas based geological energy storage technology is at a preliminary stage and involves multiple technical aspects,the over-all economic analysis is relatively rare.It is necessary to carry out an economic analysis and further explore the application potential of this tech-nology in China.Based on a large amount of literature research,a technical and economic analysis of electrolysis and methanation are firstly carried out,and then the technical and economic analysis of the geological storage of CH_(4) and CO_(2) are carried out respectively,and finally the whole process is statistically analyzed according to the estimated results under different assumptions and conditions.The results are compared with pumped hydro storage and compressed air energy storage,and the technical cost of power-to-gas based geological energy storage is clarified.The application opportunities and challenges of this technology in China are pointed out.It is found that alkaline electrolysis(AEL)currently has advantages at lower investment costs,which is about 7850 yuan/kW,the investment cost of polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)is expected to re-duce the investment cost to about half of the current AEL in 2050.The biological methanation and isothermal catalytic methanation technology is still in the experimental and demonstration stage.The adiabatic fixed-bed methanation technology has more technical advantages because of its more mature commercial applications.It is exp
作者
马建力
李琦
陈祥荣
李小春
谭永胜
MA Jianli;LI Qi;CHEN Xiangrong;LI Xiaochun;TAN Yongsheng(Power China Huadong Eng.Co.Ltd.,Hangzhou 311122,China;State Key Lab.of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Eng.,Inst.of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Univ.of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《工程科学与技术》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期117-127,共11页
Advanced Engineering Sciences
基金
中德1+1国际合作创新计划(1plus1-2018-01)
中国博士后基金面上项目(2021M701186)。
关键词
电转气
电离制氢
甲烷化
地质储能
经济性分析
power-to-gas
electrolysis
methanation
subsurface energy storage
economic analysis
