摘要
针对阴影屏蔽体的材料选取与仪器仓布局问题,本文以核动力航天器为对象,研究了屏蔽材料与结构材料的辐射特性,计算得到了屏蔽体阴影区域内的辐射场分布。本文利用蒙特卡罗方法在屏蔽阴影区范围内对中子与光子进行输运计算,得到中子与光子在空间中的分布情况。通过得到的不同屏蔽材料与结构材料对具有特定能谱的中子与光子的屏蔽效果,选出了适用于空间反应堆屏蔽体设计的材料,确定了一种满足辐射防护限制要求的屏蔽材料组合方式。研究表明:铅、氢化锆和聚乙烯应用于空间堆的辐射屏蔽能使屏蔽体更加轻质化,掺杂氢化锆粉末的聚乙烯复合型材料的屏蔽效果优于单一材料,反应堆至仪器仓前的辐射分布能为仪器舱内的布局设计提供了参考。
In this study,a nuclear-powered spacecraft is taken as the object,the radiation characteristics of shielding materials and structural materials in view of the material selection of a shadow shield and layout of an instrument warehouse are examined,and the radiation field distribution in the shadow area of the shield is calculated and obtained.The Monte Carlo method is used to calculate the transport of neutrons and photons in the shielded shadow area,and the distribution of neutrons and photons in space is obtained.The shielding effects of different shielding materials and structural materials on neutrons and photons with specific energy spectra are obtained,and materials suitable for the design of space reactor shields are selected.Then,a combination of shielding materials that meets the requirements of radiation protection restrictions is determined.Research shows that lead,zirconium hydride and polyethylene used in the radiation shielding of the space reactor can make the shielding lighter.The shielding effect of the polyethylene composite material doped with zirconium hydride powder is better than that of a single material.And that the distribution of neutrons and photons also can provides a reference for the layout design of instrument cabins.
作者
何宇豪
孟涛
王宪礴
赵富龙
谭思超
HE Yuhao;MENG Tao;WANG Xianbo;ZHAO Fulong;TAN Sichao(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System & Equipment, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai 201109, China)
出处
《哈尔滨工程大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期1726-1732,共7页
Journal of Harbin Engineering University
基金
上海航天科技创新基金项目(SAST2020-013,121).
关键词
空间堆
兆瓦级
辐射防护
辐射特性
气冷快堆
光子屏蔽
中子屏蔽
航天器
space nuclear reactor
megawatt class
radioprotection
radiation characteristics
gas-cooled fast nuclear reactor
photon shielding
neutron shield
spacecraft
