摘要
中古英国编年史对《大宪章》和约翰王进行了多重历史书写,这些历史书写奠定了不同时期《大宪章》叙事和评价的基础。19世纪末斯塔布斯依据奥尔本斯编年史,认为约翰是彻底的暴君,强调《大宪章》的宪法性质。20世纪中叶霍尔特对政府档案进行了系统研究,采信《克洛兰编年史》的历史书写,强调约翰政府坚持亨利二世国家建设的政策,进而坚持《大宪章》的封建性质。近来卡朋特对原始手稿、政府档案和编年史进行了综合研究,依据贝蒂讷的无名氏的编年史和《科吉歇尔编年史》的历史书写,强调约翰性格的不足,重新主张《大宪章》的法治价值。总体上,依据法律文件、政府档案以及其他实物史料,研究者综合编年史中不同的历史书写,重构《大宪章》时期的历史事件、政治结构、经济状况和社会心态,并对《大宪章》产生不同的叙事、阐释和评价。
The chronicles of medieval England made multiple historical writings of Magna Carta,which laid the foundation for the narration and evaluation of Magna Carta in different periods.In the end of the 19th century,Stubbs,relying on the chronicle of Albans Abbey,condemned John a total tyrant and emphasized the constitutional nature of Magna Carta.In the mid-20th century,Holt based his research on the systematic study of government records,absorbed the narrative of the Crowland chronicle,and highlighted the feudal nature of Magna Carta.A recent comprehensive research of original manuscripts,government records,and chronicles by Carpenter,based on the chronicles of Coggeshall and Anonymous of Béthune,pointed out John’s character flaws and the legal nature of Magna Carta.In general,relying on legal documents,government archives and other physical historical materials,researchers adopt different historical writings in the chronicles,reconstruct the historical events,political structure,economic conditions and social mentality of the period of Magna Carta,and produce different narratives,interpretations and evaluations of Magna Carta.
作者
王栋
WANG Dong(School of Law,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)
出处
《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2021年第6期82-91,共10页
Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)
