摘要
环境DNA(Environmental DNA,eDNA)可用于监测湖泊生物多样性,该技术对湖泊生态环境破坏性小,对于开展湖泊生态保护具有重要意义。湖泊流速较为缓慢,相对于河流更容易富集DNA,更适合于应用eDNA方法开展生物多样性研究。文章对eDNA在湖泊生物多样性上的应用进行了回顾,综述了其实验设计,分析了该技术存在的问题和未来发展前景。eDNA方法具有研究对象广,从细菌、真核微生物到高等动植物,样品类型为水和沉积物,可针对单一物种或对多个物种进行同时检测等特点。eDNA实验技术包括样品采集和保存、DNA提取和检测。eDNA应用在湖泊生物多样性研究中仍面临着最佳实验方案不确定、污染、抑制反应、误差和错误及DNA分类数据库不完善等问题,在未来还需要通过改进相关实验技术和发展DNA数据平台去解决相应困境。
Lake is indispensable part of inland water ecosystem,and China harbors numerous lakes with rich biodiversity.In recent years,the degradation of lakes severely lead to the decreasing of level of biodiversity.Therefore,lake biodiversity has always been a research hot-spot in limnology.All efforts to research on lake biodiversity essentially depend on monitoring species composition,population size and distribution.Such studies traditionally rely on morphological identification through biological specimen surveys,until to Environmental DNA(eDNA)arose.eDNA exists in the environmental samples such as water,soil and sediments.This feature makes eDNA to be a good indicator to monitor past and current biodiversity.Using molecular biology methods to monitor lake biodiversity is conducive to understanding the dynamic changes of lake ecosystems and is of great significance to the development of lake ecological protection.Compared to traditional investigation methods,eDNA is an non-invasive,efficient and easy to be standardized research approach.It especially doesn’t rely on experts’experience and professional level of morphological classification.With the development of high-throughput sequencing(HTS)technology and emergence of eDNA metabarcoding,eDNA can be used as a supplement or alternative to traditional investigations.It is currently the most economical and effective method for lake biodiversity research.Lakes are easier to be enriched DNA owing to static water environment,therefore more suitable for applying eDNA methods to carry out their biodiversity researches.This article reviewed the application of eDNA in studies of the lake biodiversity.We also summarized the related experimental design,and analyzed challenges and prospects of this method.The application of eDNA in the lake biodiversity indicated characters of research objects from low-level organisms to high-level organisms.The samples are mainly water and sediments.By extracting ancient DNA from lake sediments,the lake history and the evolution of biodiver
作者
邢迎春
高婉茹
白洁
赵亚辉
XING Ying-Chun;GAO Wan-Ru;BAI Jie;ZHAO Ya-Hui(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Resource and Environmental Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期137-148,共12页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2017B001和2020A001)
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2020TD11)
生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101800)
中国生物多样性监测与研究网络-内陆水体鱼类多样性监测专项网项目资助。
关键词
环境DNA
湖泊生物多样性
实验设计
挑战与前景
Environmental DNA
Lake biodiversity
Experimental design
Challenges and prospects
