摘要
氢氧化铜是一种利用铜离子杀死孢子细胞的杀菌剂,对柑橘树溃疡病具有良好的防治效果。本研究依据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》和《农药登记环境风险评估指南》,对6种模式陆生生物:日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)、蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L.)、家蚕(Bombyx mori)、赤眼蜂(Trichogramma dendrolimi)、七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)和蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)进行急性毒性试验并对其进行环境风险评估。结果表明,对鹌鹑急性经口半致死剂量(7 d-LD_(50))为225.9 mg a.i.·(kg bw)^(-1),对蜜蜂急性经口48 h-LD_(50)为6.19μg a.i.·蜂^(-1)。在飘移场景下评估该农药对家蚕的风险,得到最外围一行桑树上的风险商(RQ):RQ_(fr)=3.083>1,风险不可接受;该农药在农田内对寄生性天敌赤眼蜂的危害商(HQ):HQ_(in)=9.702>5,风险不可接受。对土壤生物蚯蚓急性和慢性的RQ值分别为799.8和2666,RQ>1,因此对土壤生物蚯蚓的风险不可接受。77%氢氧化铜水分散粒剂对蜜蜂急性经口和鸟类毒性为中毒。环境风险评估结果显示,上述3项环境风险不可接受,说明农药环境风险评估方法不能只停留在对某一类型模式生物的毒性分级上。基于目前发展趋势,更新评估手段,建立风险评估模型是大势所趋。所以,更需要对农药进行全面研究,以提高农药使用的安全性和合理性。
Copper hydroxide,a fungicide that kills spore cells by copper ion,has promising control effect on citrus canker.In this study,according toTest Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides and Guidance on Environmental Risk Assessment for Pesticide Registration,the acute toxicity and environmental risk were assessed using six types of model terrestrial organisms,including Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica),honeybee(Apis mellifera L.),silkworm(Bombyx mori),Trichogrammatid(Trichogramma dendrolimi),seven-spotted ladybug(Coccinella septempunctata)and earthworm(Eisenia foetida).The acute oral median lethal dose(7 d-LD_(50))was 225.9 mg a.i.·(kg body weight)^(-1) for quail;the acute oral 48 h-LD_(50) for honeybees was 6.19μg a.i.·bee^(-1).The copper hydroxide risk was also evaluated under drifting scenes using silkworms and mulberry trees.The obtained risk quotient(RQ_(fr))was 3.083 in the outermost row of the mulberry plantation,which is an unacceptable risk because RQ_(fr) was greater than 1.The risk to the parasitic natural enemy Trichogramma(hazard quotient(HQ_(in))=9.702>5)in the field was not acceptable.The acute and chronic RQ values for earthworms were 799.8 and 2666,respectively,leading to an unacceptable risk due to RQ>1.It is preliminarily believed that 77%copper hydroxide dispersible granule was medially toxic in acute oral toxicity test on bees and toxicity test on birds.However,three unacceptable environmental risks are found in the environmental risk assessment.Overall,the methods of evaluating environmental risks on pesticides cannot rely on the toxicity classification by using only one certain type of model organism,which is not comprehensive.Based on the recent advancements,it is necessary to update assessment methods and establish risk assessment models.Therefore,more comprehensive research on pesticides is needed to improve the safety of pesticide usage.
作者
程禹
邵辉
刘春艳
杨云艳
杨丽静
闫琳
林宏芳
郭永泽
Cheng Yu;Shao Hui;Liu Chunyan;Yang Yunyan;Yang Lijing;Yan Lin;Lin Hongfang;Guo Yongze(Institute of Agricultural Products Quality Safety and Nutrition,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory(Tianjin),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300381,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期364-376,共13页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0200204-5)
2019年国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP2019011,GJFP2019007)。
关键词
氢氧化铜
陆生生物
急性毒性
环境风险评估
copper hydroxide
terrestrial organisms
acute toxicity
environmental risk assessment
