摘要
我国采矿业高速发展的同时,矿区废弃物的堆存量也在增加,不仅占用了大量的土地资源,而且在降水、大气飘尘等自然作用下,废弃物中的重金属对周围环境也是一种风险。对于土壤和水体来说,这种污染在短期内是无法修复的。相应的农业活动也会受到影响。目前,我国尾矿主要存放于尾矿库中,一旦尾矿库管理不善,容易引发溃坝、泥石流等自然灾害,对周围居民的人身安全和生态环境是一种严重威胁。本文对尾矿重金属污染评估方法进行综述,从尾矿、矿区周围土壤、水环境、植物四个方面展开,其中包括重金属迁移特征和评价指标的对比,并对未来矿区废弃物重金属环境风险评价的研究提出建议和展望。
With the rapid development of China’s mining industry, the amount of wastes in mining areas is also increasing.Not only does it occupy a large amount of land resources, but under the natural effects of precipitation and atmospheric dust, heavy metals in the wastes are also a risk to the surrounding environment.For soil and water bodies, this type of pollution cannot be repaired in a short term.The subsequent agricultural activities will also be affected.At present, tailings from mining areas in China are mainly stored in tailings ponds.Once the tailings ponds are not well managed, it is easy to cause natural disasters such as dam breaks and mudslide, which is a serious threat to the life safety and the ecology and environment of surrounding residents.This article summarizes the evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in tailings, starting from four aspects of tailings, soil around the mining area, water environment and plants, including heavy metal migration characteristics and comparison of evaluation indicators.The research provides suggestions and prospects for the future mining waste heavy metal environment risk assessment.
作者
杜梅
杨俊
刘君
任培
陈均玉
布多
DU Mei;YANG Jun;LIU Jun;REN Pei;CHEN Junyu;BU Duo(School of Science,Tibet University,L.hasa 850000,China)
出处
《环境与可持续发展》
2021年第6期143-151,共9页
Environment and Sustainable Development
基金
科技部重大研发计划项目课题(2019YFC1904103)
国家自然科学基金项目(20201016)
中央支持地方高校改革发展专项(藏财教指[2019]44号)
(藏财预指[2020]1号)。
关键词
尾矿
重金属
风险评价
tailings
heavy metal
risk assessment
