摘要
在甲午战前,中国所有的官办新式学堂均无任何关于现代大学的基本制度设计,亦从未尝试过构建现代三级学制,故无现代公立大学可言。及至甲午战后,由时任津海关道盛宣怀主持创办的天津北洋大学堂,最早仿照西方现代高等教育模式进行制度设计,最早以"大学堂"正式命名,最早以完整的中等教育及大学预科教育为办学基础,最早参与构建"小学—中学—大学"三级学制,最早创立现代大学学科专业,首届毕业生最早被政府当局授予大学本科毕业文凭,最早派遣大学本预科肄业生、毕业生及教师出国留学,毕业生最早享有中央政府所认可的全国最高"学历"(赏给进士出身),故其毫无疑问为中国第一所现代公立大学。
Before the First Sino-Japanese War,there was no basic system design of modern university in all the new-type schools run by the government in China,and there was no attempt to build a modern three-tier educational system,so there was no such a thing as modern public university.After that War,Peiyang University of Tianjin,founded by Sheng Hsuanhuai,an official responsible for overseeing Tianjin Customs as that time,was the first to imitate the western modern higher education mode in system design.It was also the first to be officially named after"Daxuetang"("University"),the first to take the whole secondary education and college preparatory education as the basis for its operation,and the first to participate in the construction of the"three-tier educational system"involving primary schools,middle schools and universities.Besides,it was the first to set up modern university disciplines and specialties,the first to be awarded a bachelor’s degree by the government authority,the first to send undergraduate students,graduates and teachers for studying abroad,and the first to enjoy the highest"academic degree"(rewarded to people who used to be Jin Shi,namely,advanced scholar,which is roughly equivalent to a doctorate)all over China that was recognized by the central government,so it was undoubtedly the first modern public university in China.
出处
《新文科教育研究》
2021年第4期122-140,144,共20页
NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国近代大学的兴起与演进”(编号:17JJD770005)阶段性成果。
关键词
中国高等教育史
现代大学
公立大学
北洋大学堂
盛宣怀
history of Chinese higher education
modern university
public university
Peiyang University
Sheng Hsuanhuai
