摘要
【目的】施入有机肥和土壤调理剂是改善土壤结构和培肥地力的重要措施。因此,研究不同施肥模式对设施土壤氮素调控及番茄产量的影响,以期为设施番茄科学合理施肥提供理论依据及数据支撑。【方法】设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(H)、单施有机肥(Y)、50%化肥N+50%有机肥N(HY)及50%化肥N+50%有机肥N+调理剂(HYG)5个处理,探讨了不同施肥模式对设施土壤矿质氮量、全氮量、微生物量氮量、土壤脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性及番茄产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,各施肥处理均显著提高了各生育期不同土层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮量。在收获期,HY处理的土壤全氮量和微生物量氮量相较于CK显著提高了125.07%~204.22%和289.20%~398.04%,较H处理显著提高了53.45%~79.80%和133.74%~271.32%。番茄生育期内的酶活性变化也非常显著,0~20cm土层的土壤脲酶活性在一穗果期时最高,而20~40cm土层的土壤脲酶活性在收获期时达到最大;各土层的土壤硝酸还原酶的活性则均在盛果期达到最大。不同施肥处理之间土壤脲酶活性和土壤硝酸还原酶活性均表现为Y处理最高,CK活性最低。各施肥处理相较于CK增产效果明显,增产幅度介于11.05%~38.18%之间,其中HYG处理相较于H处理,增产了38.18%,增产效果最为显著。【结论】50%化肥N+50%有机肥氮施肥处理,可以降低农业成本,同时显著增加番茄产量、提高土壤肥力,降低氮素损失,在保护环境和提高氮素利用率方面起着重要的作用,实现环境效益经济效益双赢。
【Objective】Organic fertilization and soil conditioner have been found capable of improving soil structure and enzymatic activity.The aim of this paper is to study how organic fertilizer and soil conditioner combine to regulate bioavailable nitrogen(N)and the yield of greenhouse tomato.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse.It comprised five treatments:no fertilization(CK),chemical fertilization only(H),organic fertilization only(Y),50%chemical N fertilizer and 50%organic(N)fertilizer(HY),50%chemical N fertilizer+50%organic N fertilizer+soil conditioner(HYG).In each treatment,we measured the change in mineral N,total N,N in microbial biomass,urease and nitrate reductase activity,and the tomato yield.【Result】Compared with CK,all fertilization treatments increased ammonium and nitrate in soil significantly,regardless of the growth stage.At harvest stage,HY increased total soil N and N in microbial biomass by 125.07%~204.22%and 289.20%~398.04%respectively,compared to those in the CK,53.45%~79.80%and 133.74%~271.32%,respectively,compared with those in H.In all treatments,urease activity in the 0~20 cm soil peaked at the one ear fruit stage,while soil urease activity in the 20~40 cm soil maximized at the harvest stage.HY significantly increased nitrate reductase activity in the soil which peaked at the full fruit stage.Among all fertilization treatments,the activity of urease and nitrate reductase was maximum in Y and the least in CK.Compared with CK,all fertilizations increased tomato yield at significant level,with the yield increase ranging between 11.05%and 38.18%.Compared with H,HYG increased the yield by 38.18%.【Conclusion】Combination of 50%chemical N fertilizer and 50%organic N fertilizer reduced the costs but increased soil fertility and tomato yield without increasing N loss.It can then be used as an improved agronomic management for greenhouse tomato production.
作者
任立军
赵文琪
陈松岭
李嘉琦
邹洪涛
张玉龙
REN Lijun;ZHAO Wenqi;CHEN Songling;LI Jiaqi;ZOU Hongtao;ZHANG Yulong(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Northeast China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期70-77,共8页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1905010)
辽宁省教育厅重点项目(LSNZD202001)
辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2019JH2/10200004)。
关键词
有机肥
土壤调理剂
番茄产量
土壤酶
organic fertilization
soil conditioner
tomato yield
soil enzymes
