摘要
通过对甜叶菊花与种子的形态特征及开花结实习性的观察,明确甜叶菊属短日照植物,在高纬度河西地区必须通过短日照处理才能开花结实。以套袋辅助授粉的方式揭示了甜叶菊的自交不亲和。通过遮光处理改变其临界日照时数的方法进行杂交制种技术研究,研究表明高纬度地区杂交制种:在甜叶菊生长旺盛期,株高30 cm以上,进行遮光处理,每天光照时间10 h,遮光处理天数为20 d。生产的杂交种千粒重达0.39~0.42 g、发芽率达69.7%;与安徽提供的普通甜叶菊种子比较:千粒重提高了0.08 g左右,平均发芽率提高了11.5个百分点;在品质和产量方面:杂交种总苷含量平均提高0.51个百分点,RA苷含量平均提高2.27个百分点,RA/总苷平均提高13.71个百分点,产量平均提高11.60%。结果表明通过短日照处理可以在高纬度河西地区培育甜叶菊杂交种,并且其品质、产量不断提高,可根据市场需求选配组合,培育甜叶菊新品种,这为高纬度地区杂交制种奠定了基础。
Through the observation of morphological characteristics of stevia flower and seed as well as flowering and fruiting habits,it is clear that stevia belongs to short-day plants.It must be treated by short-day for flowering and fruiting in Hexi area of high latitudes.The self-incompatibility of stevia was revealed by bagging assisted pollination.The hybrid seed production technology was studied by changing the critical sunshine hours by shading treatment.Studies have shown that hybrid seed production in high latitude areas:in stevia exuberant growth period,plant height more than 30 cm with shading treatment and 10 h light time every day,shading days to 20 d.The 1000-seed weight of the hybrid reached 0.39-0.42 g and the germination rate reached 69.7%.Compared with common stevia seeds from Anhui province,the 1000-seed weight was increased by 0.08 g,and the average germination rate was increased by 11.5 percentage point.In terms of quality and yield,the total glycoside content,rebaudioside A(RA)glycoside content,RA/total glycoside and yield of the hybrid increased by 0.51,2.27,13.71 percentage points and 11.6% on average,respectively.The results showed that by short day treatment,stevia hybrid could be cultivated in Hexi region of high latitude,and its quality and yield were constantly improved,and the combination could also be selected according to market demand,and new stevia varieties could be cultivated,which laid a foundation for hybrid seed production in high latitude region.
作者
王致和
马金慧
张亚萍
杜雷超
牛晓琳
谢忠清
WANG Zhihe;MA Jinhui;ZHANG Yaping;DU Leichao;NIU Xiaolin;XIE Zhongqing(Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Wuwei,Gansu 733006;Huanghuatan Town People's Government of Gulang County,Gulang,Gansu 733102)
出处
《中国糖料》
2022年第1期48-53,共6页
Sugar Crops of China
基金
甘肃省重点研发计划“甜叶菊新品种选育及集约化生产关键技术研发与产业化”(17YF1NH051)
甘肃-安徽甜叶菊资源评价与综合利用实验室(甘科计〔2018〕2号)资助。
关键词
甜叶菊
开花结实
短日照处理
套袋辅助授粉
杂交制种
stevia
flowering and fruiting
short-day light treatment
bagging assisted pollination
hybrid seed production
