摘要
“被V”和“被NV”被动式是现代汉语中很常见的被动构式。前者产生于西汉,后者产生于东汉。“被”的搭配成分变化和语义变化是被动式形成的基础,从具体名词宾语到抽象名词宾语再到事件名词宾语,这些都是渐进发展的结果。事件动词在“被”后充当宾语,为“被V”被动式的产生提供了基础,但它在短时间内在低频状态下变成被动式,则是“被动”式系统已有成员类推和V对“被”反压制的结果。之后的“被NV”则是“为NV”类推的结果。考察“被”字被动式的形成和发展,应当将它置于整个被动式系统之中,不能孤立讨论。
Bei V and Bei NV passive constructions are very common passive constructions in modem Chinese.The former originated in the Western Han Dynasty and the latter in the Eastern Han Dynasty.The change of collocation components and semantic changes of Bei are the basis for the formation of passive form.From concrete noun object to abstract noun object and then to event noun object,these are the results of gradual development.The event verb arts as an object after Bei,which provides the basis for the generation of the passive form of Bei V.However,it becomes passive in low frequency in a short time,which is the result of the analogy of the existing members of the passive schema system and the anti-coerrion of V against the Bei.The following Bei NV is the result of the analogy of Wei(为)NV.To investigate the formation and development of the passive form of the word Bei,it should be placed in the whole passive system and can not he discussed in isolation.
出处
《古汉语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期96-107,128,共13页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“与被动标记、虚义动词及话语标记相关的构式在历时演变中的压制和反压制研究(17AYY017)”
国家社科基金重大项目“近代汉语后期语法演变与现代汉语通语及方言格局形成之关系研究(19ZDA310)”。
关键词
被
“被”字被动式
事件名词
事件动词
Bei(被)
passive form of the word Bei
event noun
event verb
