摘要
目的:分析2011—2020年陇南市学校(托幼机构和中小学)传染病流行特征和规律,为制定防控策略和措施提供依据。方法:对国家传染病监测报告管理系统中2011—2020年现住址在陇南市、人群分类为学生的传染病病例,采用描述流行病学的方法分析其流行特征。结果:2011—2020年陇南市共报告学校传染病24种、报告发病人数22295例,年平均报告发病率477.15/10万(272.57/10万~1012.92/10万);乙类传染病报告发病率呈逐年下降的趋势(χ^(2)=499.82,P<0.05),丙类传染病报告发病率呈现每隔3~4年高发的特点(χ^(2)=32.08,P<0.05),水痘等其他传染病报告发病率呈逐年上升的趋势(χ^(2)=1598.84,P<0.05);不同传播途径的传染病发病率比较,差异有统计数学意义(χ^(2)=7801.71,P<0.05);报告发病率随学生年龄的增长而降低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5678.41,P<0.05)。结论:2011—2020年陇南市幼托儿童和中小学生传染病发病率高,以呼吸道和肠道传染病为主,报告发病率随年龄的增长而降低。教育、卫生部门要加强合作,针对高发传染病及其流行规律,落实好重点人群的防控措施,有效预防和控制学校传染病疫情的播散和蔓延。
OBJECTIVES To analyze the characteristics and scientific laws of infectious diseases in schools(nurseries,kindergartens,primary schools,and middle schools)in Longnan from 2011 to 2020,and to provide basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures.METHOD The method of descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the prevalence characteristics of infectious disease cases in students currently living in Longnan from 2011 to 2020 as a population group in the National Infectious Disease Monitoring Report Management System.RESULTS There were a total of 22295 cases of 24 types of infectious diseases reported by schools in Longnan from 2011 to 2022,with an annual average reported incidence of 477.15/100000(272.57/100000~1012.92/100000);the annual average reported incidence of Category-II infectious diseases decreased on a year-by-year basis(χ^(2)=499.82,P<0.05),Category-Ⅲinfectious diseases were characterized by a high incidence every 3-4 years(χ^(2)=32.08,P<0.05),but the annual average reported incidence of varicella and other infectious diseases rises on a year-by-year basis(χ^(2)=1598.84,P<0.05);comparison of the incidence of infectious diseases with different routes of transmission had statistical significance(χ^(2)=7801.71,P<0.05);the reported incidences decreased with the growth in age,and the difference had statistical significance(χ^(2)=5678.41,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Respiratory tract and enteric infectious diseases had the highest incidence inschools(nurseries,kindergartens,primary schools,and middle schools)in Longnan from 2011 to 2020,with the reported incidence declining as the age grows.Therefore,educational and hygiene authorities should strengthen cooperation to put into effective measures that targeted key population groups and highly-frequent diseases during key seasons according to the scientific laws on the prevalence of such diseases,effectively prevented and controled the spread of infectious diseases in schools.
作者
蔡玉成
王小军
刘海军
张瑾荣
CAI Yu-cheng;WANG Xiao-jun;LIU Hai-jun;ZHANG Jin-rong(Longnan Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Longnan,Gansu,746000,China)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2021年第12期61-64,共4页
Chinese Primary Health Care
基金
国家重大科技专项(2017ZX10103006)
陇南市2020年市列科技计划项目(2020-03)。
关键词
学校
传染病
流行特征
school
infectious disease
epidemic characteristics
