摘要
山东是中国小麦生产第二大省,小麦常年种植面积和总产量分别约占全国的14%和18%。受生态条件、生产成本、市场因素影响,山东小麦生产存在投入产出比降低、收益低等问题。通过对《中国统计年鉴》《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》数据进行分析,探讨了2010—2019年山东省小麦成本收益变化趋势。2010—2019年山东省小麦种植面积、单产、总产量分别提高了13.94%、 5.37%、 14.12%;由于物质与服务费、人工成本及土地成本的增长,生产总成本呈逐年增长的趋势,由9 700元/hm^(2)增加到1.51万元/hm^(2);小麦单位面积产值及现金收益呈逐年增加的趋势,但小麦净利润及成本利润率波动中呈逐年下降的趋势。最后,从稳定面积、提高单产、增加总产量,优化小麦种植结构、扩大优质强筋小麦面积,发展多种形式的适度规模经营,强化政策扶持和引导、保护和提高农民种粮积极性等方面提出了促进小麦生产可持续发展的建议与措施。
Shandong province is the second largest wheat producing province in China,with the perennial planting area and total output of about 14%and 18%in China,respectively.As the influence of ecological conditions,production cost and market factors,there exist problems in wheat producing industry in Shandong province such as low input-output ratio and low income.Through analyzing the data from China Statistical Yearbook and National Cost-Income Data Compilation of Agricultural Products,the change trend of wheat cost-income in Shandong province from 2010 to 2019 was discussed.During this period,wheat planting area,yield per unit area and total yield in Shandong province increased by 13.94%,5.37%and 14.12%,respectively;Due to the increase of material and service cost,labor cost and land cost,the total production cost increased year by year,from 9700 yuan per hectare to 15100 yuan per hectare.Although the yield per unit area and cash income of wheat increased annually,the wheat net profit and cost profit rate fluctuated and showed a descending trend.Finally,suggestions and measures to promote the sustainable development of wheat production were put forward from stabilizing the planting area,increasing the yield per unit area and the total yield,optimizing the planting structure of wheat,expanding the planting area of high-quality strong gluten wheat,developing various forms of appropriate scale operation,strengthening policy support,and increasing the enthusiasm of farmers’growing grain.
作者
于克俭
张海军
蒋方山
Yu Kejian;Zhang Haijun;Jiang Fangshan(Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zibo 255033,Shandong)
出处
《农业展望》
2021年第10期116-122,共7页
Agricultural Outlook
基金
山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设资金专项“小麦产业淄博综合试验站项目”(SDAIT-01-16)
淄博市小麦现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新团队。
关键词
山东
小麦
生产成本
收益
可持续发展
Shandong province
wheat
production cost
benefit
sustainable development
