摘要
近年来,有机半导体因其独特可调的化学结构及光电性质越来越多地被应用于高效可见光催化领域。但是,有机材料本身化学键弱、载流子迁移率低,导致其催化效率低、稳定性差。因此,将有机半导体进行纳米组装及其构建异质结构,得到零维、一维、二维或多元复合纳米有机光催化剂,成为近几年的研究热点。零维粒子尺寸小、比表面积大;一维结构长程有序排列、表面缺陷密度降低;二维结构在增大表面活性位点的同时能最大限度地缩短电荷在材料内部的迁移距离而表现出更高的光生电荷利用率;纳米复合结构的异质界面可以有效促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,因此在提高光催化活性及稳定性方面具有重要意义。同时,纳米有机光催化剂种类丰富,催化机理各不相同,因此被广泛应用于分解水或空气中污染物的光催化领域。本综述中归纳了各类纳米有机光催化剂的制备方法、结构特性以及光催化应用,同时对多种光催化机制进行了介绍,并对其应用前景进行了展望。
Organic semiconductors possess various chemical structures and tailored optoelectronic properties via simple chemical modifications,so increasing use of them are found in efficient visible-light photocatalysis.However,the weak chemical bonds and the poor charge behavior(e.g.notoriously low carrier mobility,short life of charge carriers)intrinsic in them,always incur quite limited efficiency and stability.Therefore,the assembly of them into specific nanostructures or nanocomposites is usually proposed to enhance their optoelectronic properties,as well as the photocatalytic efficiency and reliability.Zero-dimensional(0 D)nanoparticles are low in size and hence high in specific surface area(SSA);one-dimensional(1 D)nanostructures are usually arranged in an orderly long range thus leading to low surface defect density and higher carrier mobility;two-dimensional(2 D)structures are particularly capable of enhancing the photogenerated charge utilization because of their large reaction sites and shortened charge transport length;The heterogeneous interfaces in the nanocomposites can effectively facilitate the special charge separation.All these emphasize their importance in photocatalytic activity and stability.So far,organic nanostructures are increasingly used in the photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants,CO;reduction,water splitting into oxygen and hydrogen,etc.In this review,the varied organic nanostructures,properties,mechanistic pathways,and the different photocatalytic applications are summarized,and moreover,the challenges and future outlook are also given.
作者
闫楚璇
李青璘
巩正奇
陈颖芝
王鲁宁
Chuxuan Yan;Qinglin Li;Zhengqi Gong;Yingzhi Chen;Luning Wang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing,Foshan 528399,China)
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期1917-1934,共18页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.51503014)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(No.230201818-001A3)
北京科技大学顺德研究生院科技创新专项(No.BK19AE027)资助。
关键词
光催化
有机半导体
自组装
纳米结构
纳米复合结构
photocatalysis
organic semiconductor
self-assembly
nanostructure
nanocomposites
