摘要
日本一直存在LNG长贸合同供应季节性过剩或不足的问题。为应对LNG长贸合同供应季节性过剩问题,多年来日本摸索出了一套灵活且操作性较强的方法,主要包括:设定长贸合同基本保障水平,缩短合同期限;创新采购模式,合并现有多家企业天然气业务板块以提升竞争力;增加"附加条款",增强长贸合同的灵活性;在需求低谷期委托LNG出口商代卖过剩LNG,一部分长贸合同量转变为现货流入市场;天然气与电力市场全部开放,进口价格直接作用于终端消费市场。当前世界LNG价格剧烈波动,中国LNG进口企业可参考日本企业相关政策和做法,对中国LNG需求前景做出判断,以需求"中线"作为签订长贸合同的标准水平。在签订新的LNG长贸合同时适当增加"附加条款",争取与出口商签署委托代卖条款,并选择季节具有互补性或产业结构具有互补性的联合采购对象开展合作。
Japan has suffered from seasonal oversupply or undersupply of LNG under the long-term LNG import contracts.In order to deal with the problem of periodic oversupply of long-term LNG contracts,Japan explored a set of flexible and operable methods over the years,which include setting the basic guarantee level for the long-term trade agreement and shortening the contract term,innovating procurement mode and merging existing natural gas business segments of several enterprises to enhance competitiveness,adding"additional terms"to enhance the flexibility of the long-term trade contract,selling excess LNG by entrusting LNG exporters in the low demand period,converting part of long-term trade contract volume into spot market,opening all natural gas and electricity markets,and directly affecting the end-consumption market with import prices.Under the violently fluctuating global LNG price,Chinese LNG importers should make judgments about China’s LNG demand prospects by referring to relevant policies and practices of Japanese companies,take the"middle line"of demand as the standard level for signing long-term trade contracts,appropriately add"additional clauses"when signing new LNG long-term trade contracts,try to sign entrustment clauses with exporters,and select joint procurement objects with complementary seasons or industrial structures to carry out cooperation.
作者
程熙琼
陈蕊
吴珉颉
张永峰
祝婧祎
CHENG Xiqiong;CHEN Rui;WU Minjie;ZHANG Yongfeng;ZHU Jingyi(CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute)
出处
《国际石油经济》
2021年第11期92-97,108,共7页
International Petroleum Economics
