摘要
历史上中国各民族之间长年的交往交流交融是中国统一多民族国家形成和巩固的重要前提。蒙藏两个民族之间的关系源远流长,它不仅推动了两个民族之间的文化交流,而且对元代以降中国的国家统一和民族交融发挥了重要作用。以往学界较多关注了元朝对西藏的统一和管理,但蒙古语文在清朝治藏行政中的作用一直没有被学者们所发现。笔者根据多年以来对西藏自治区档案馆所藏蒙古文档案的整理研究,利用西藏自治区档案馆所藏清代蒙古文档案中的历朝皇帝颁发给西藏僧俗贵族的敕谕和诏书、清朝各部院及其官员的蒙古文公牍、清朝驻藏大臣的蒙古文往来文书等大量的"遗留性史料",重点论述了以下两个方面的问题:首先,清朝在统一青藏高原、建立对藏统治体系以及其后的日常行政管理过程中,充分利用蒙藏民族之间的历史关系和蒙古语文在西藏社会中的地位和作用,使蒙古语文成为清朝对西藏施政过程中的重要的语言工具。其次,清朝对藏施政中蒙古语文所扮演的语言媒介的角色,充分说明了清代各民族交往交流交融的过程对国家统一的推动作用。
Years of exchanges and integration among Chinese ethnic groups in China are an important prerequisite for the formation and consolidation of China’s unified multi-ethnic state.The relationship between Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups enjoys a long history,which not only promoted the cultural exchanges between the two ethnic groups,but also played an important role in forming up the national unity and ethnic integration of China after the Yuan Dynasty.In the past,the academic circle paid more attention to the unification and management of Tibet in the Yuan Dynasty,but the role of Mongolian language in the Tibetan administration in the Qing Dynasty was not noticed by scholars.Referring to Mongolian archives stored in the Archieves of TAR and the oracles and orders issued by the imperial emperors to the Tibetan monks and elites,Mongolian archives of the various departments of the Qing Dynasty and letters of officials of the Qing dynasty staying in Tibet,this article focused on two aspects.First of all,in the process of unifying the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,establishing the ruling system over Tibet and the subsequent daily administration,the Qing Dynasty made full use of the historical relationship between the Mongolian and Tibetan peoples and the status and role of the Mongolian language in Tibetan society,making the Mongolian language an important language tool in the Qing Dynasty’s administration of Tibet.Secondly,the role of the Qing Dynasty as the language medium for the Mongolian language in the Tibetan administration sufficiently explained the role of the process of exchanges and integration of all ethnic groups in the Qing Dynasty in promoting national unity.
作者
乌云毕力格
Oyunbilig Borjigidai(School of Chinese Classics,Renrnin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期30-37,共8页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
