摘要
作为昆虫种群的重要组成部分,夜行性昆虫成功进化出了与其生存环境相适应的感觉机制,普遍认为夜行性昆虫主要依靠嗅觉和机械性感受等来探索环境,其视觉器官发生了退化或功能丧失。近年来,随着红外夜视、视网膜电位(electroretinogram,ERG)和视觉神经等生物新技术的应用,昆虫视觉生态学研究出现了突破性进展,自2002年以来陆续发现蛾类、蜜蜂和蜣螂等夜行性昆虫进化出了非凡的微光视觉(dim-light vision)能力,在夜晚(光照强度低于0.3 lx)依然可以如同在明亮的白天一样清晰、准确地感知目标物体特定的视觉特性,如明暗、颜色、形状、大小、对比度、偏振光和运动状态等,展现出视觉调控夜行性昆虫行为活动的巨大潜力。此外,这些夜行性昆虫复眼瞳孔、小眼焦距、视杆和色素颗粒等方面进化出了一些相应的形态生理特征,以提高光学灵敏度适应夜间微光环境。鉴于夜行性昆虫微光视觉行为及其视觉适应机制的研究尚处于起步阶段,仅见于少数访花昆虫或粪食性昆虫,建议加强以下几个方面的研究:(1)重大夜行性农业害虫的微光视觉及其应用的研究;(2)非典型重叠复眼的光学结构特征及其应对微光环境的适应机制研究;(3)夜行性昆虫响应微光环境的视觉适应机制研究;(4)基于夜行性昆虫微光视觉行为研发新型害虫防控技术。
As an important part of insects,nocturnal species have evolved some sensory mechanisms adapted to their habitats.It is generally believed that nocturnal insects mainly rely on olfaction and mechanical perception to explore habitats,and the visual system has been degraded or lost.In recent years,with the application of new biological technologies such as infrared night vision,electroretinogram(ERG)and optic nerve,breakthroughs have been made in visual and ecological research of insects.Since 2002,it has been successively found that some nocturnal insects such as moths,bees and dung beetles had evolved a remarkable capacity of dim-light vision,and can see brightness,color,shape,size,contrast,polarized light and motion at night(light intensity lower than 0.3 lx)as in bright day,showing an immense potential for visually regulating behaviors in nocturnal insects.In addition,the pupil,focal length,rod and pigment particles of compound eyes of these nocturnal insects have evolved some morphological and physiological characteristics to improve the optical sensitivity and to adapt to the dim-light environment at night.Since the study of dim-light vision and the mechanisms of visual adaptation in nocturnal insects is still in its infancy with a focus on flower-visiting or fecal-feeding insects,the research of the following aspects should be streagthened:(1)the dim-light vision in major nocturnal agricultural pests;(2)the optical structure characteristics of atypical superposition compound eye and the mechanisms of its adaptation to dim-light environment;(3)the mechanisms of visual adaptation in nocturnal insects in response to dim-light environment;and(4)the development of new pest control technology based on dim-light vision in nocturnal insects.
作者
杨小凡
路子云
苑士涛
李建成
魏国树
YANG Xiao-Fan;LU Zi-Yun;YUAN Shi-Tao;LI Jian-Cheng;WEI Guo-Shu(Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture,IPM Center of Hebei Province,Plant Protection Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China)
出处
《昆虫学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期1455-1464,共10页
Acta Entomologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研究计划项目(2019YFD1002102)
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326506D,19226511D)
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202020003)
河北省农林科学院科技创新项目(C20R1002)。
关键词
夜行性昆虫
微光视觉
颜色视觉
视觉导航
复眼
视蛋白
Nocturnal insects
dim-light vision
color vision
visual navigation
compound eye
opsin
