摘要
为筛选出适宜在呼伦贝尔地区种植的优质燕麦品种,测定10个引进燕麦品种(青燕1号、青海444、加燕2号、青引1号、林纳、青海甜燕麦、青引2号、莫妮卡、青莜3号、骏马)的田间农艺性状、饲草产量、营养成分及籽粒产量,使用相对饲喂价值(RFV)和粗饲料分级指数(GI)对饲草品质进行评价,使用灰色关联度分析法综合评价各品种的生产性能。结果表明,供试燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区早熟,生育周期73~88 d。青海444株高最高,达到113.22 cm(P<0.05);且其开花期的鲜草产量和干草产量均最高,分别为36623.3和9990.5 kg·hm^(-2)(P<0.05)。各品种燕麦的鲜、干草产量与生育周期、株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、茎粗、穗长呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与叶茎比和干鲜比呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。籽粒产量最高的是青引1号,达到5348.85 kg·hm^(-2),与加燕2号无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。籽粒产量与生育周期、株高、茎粗、穗长、轮层数和千粒重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与小穗数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。粗脂肪含量最高的是乳熟期青燕1号(P<0.05),粗蛋白含量最高的是抽穗期青引1号(P<0.05),粗灰分含量最高的是抽穗期青燕1号(P<0.05),干物质最高的是抽穗期青引2号(P<0.05)。GI与RFV饲草等级划分总体趋势相同。综合分析得出,青引1号、加燕2号和青海444的生产性能、营养品质及饲喂价值表现较好,综合排名靠前,具有作为优质燕麦品种在呼伦贝尔地区推广种植的潜力。
In order to identify oat varieties best suited for cultivation in the Hulunbuir region,10 oat varieties(Qingyan No.1,Qinghai No.444,Jiayan No.2,Qingyin No.1,Linna,Qinghai sweet oat,Qingyin No.2,Monica,Qingyou No.3,and Fine horse)were trialed in the field and their forage and grain yields and nutritional composition were measured.Relative forage value and roughage grading index scores were used to evaluate and rank the forage quality and grey correlation analysis was used to derive a multivariate ranking of production performance.It was found that the time to maturity of the ten oat varieties ranged from 73 to 88 days.All matured early in Hulunbuir.Among the varieties,measured at the flowering stage,Qinghai No.444 was the tallest(113 cm,P<0.05),had the highest yield of fresh herbage(36620 kg·ha^(-1),P<0.05),and had the highest hay yield(9990 kg·ha^(-1),P<0.05).The growth time to maturity,plant height,leaf length,leaf width,plant diameter,and spike length was all significantly positively correlated with forage yield(P<0.01),while the leaf∶stem ratio and dry∶fresh weight ratio were extremely negatively correlated with forage yield(P<0.01).Qingyin No.1 had the highest grain yield(5439 kg·ha^(-1));this was not significantly different from Jiayan No.2(P>0.05),but was significantly higher than other varieties(P<0.05).Growth duration,plant height,stem diameter,spike length,round layers and thousand grain weight were all significantly positively correlated with grain yield(P<0.01),while spikelet number was negatively correlated with grain yield(P<0.01).With respect to forage quality,Qingyin No.1 had the highest ether extract content at the milk stage(P<0.05)and the highest crude protein and ash contents at the heading stage(P<0.05),while Qingyin No.2 had the highest dry matter content at the heading stage(P<0.05).The multivariate analysis of production performance,nutritive value and forage value concluded that Qingyin No.1,Jiayan No.2 and Qinghai No.444 had superior production performance and higher nutritional qu
作者
张伟
周青平
陈有军
潘静
金晓明
孙万斌
贾志锋
ZHANG Wei;ZHOU Qing-ping;CHEN You-jun;PAN Jing;JIN Xiao-ming;SUN Wan-bin;JIA Zhi-feng(Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecological Animal Husbandry of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Life Science,Hulunbuir University,Hulunbuir 021008,China;School of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期129-142,共14页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31802123)
国家重点专项(2017FY100602)
国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)
西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2020SZ19)资助。
