摘要
间作是中国常见的栽培模式,可高效利用水肥光热及土地资源,促进植物养分利用优势的形成,提升农产品质量和产量,有利于实现农业的可持续发展。结合实际生产情况,中国各地形成多种马铃薯-玉米间作栽培模式。通过查阅文献,综合分析马铃薯-玉米间作模式的经济效益,发现间作模式较单作可提高马铃薯产量、品质、水分利用率,减轻马铃薯常见病虫害的发生率。分析马铃薯-玉米间作模式的生态效益,发现间作模式可促进马铃薯对土壤氮素的吸收,增加土壤微生物含量、酶活性及土壤有机质含量,提高土壤质量。但目前马铃薯-玉米间作模式也存在一定缺陷,即机械化水平低、马铃薯较玉米处于竞争弱势地位。未来发展中,应采用多点试验、系统评价的方法,探究适合间作系统的马铃薯品种和马铃薯机械。
Intercropping is a common cultivation model in China.It can efficiently use water,fertilizer,light,heat and land resources,promote the formation of plant nutrient utilization advantages,improve the quality and yield of agricultural products,and help achieve sustainable agricultural development.Combined with the actual production situation,a variety of potato-maize intercropping cultivation models have been formed throughout China.By reviewing the literature,and comprehensively analyzing the economic benefits of the potato-maize intercropping model,it was found that the intercropping model could improve potato yield,quality,water use efficiency and reduce the incidence of common potato diseases and insect pests compared with single cropping.By analyzing the ecological benefits of the potato-maize intercropping model,it was found that the intercropping model could promote the absorption of soil nitrogen by potatoes,increase soil microbial content,enzyme activity and soil organic matter content,and improve soil quality.However,the current potato-maize intercropping model also had certain shortcomings,that was,the low level of mechanization,and the potato was in a weaker position than maize in competition.In the future,methods of multi-location testing and systematic evaluation should be adopted to select potato varieties and potato machinery which are suitable for intercropping systems.
作者
乔冰洁
杨小华
吴静
徐宝连
QIAO Bingjie;YANG Xiaohua;WU Jing;XU Baolian(Jining Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jining,Shandong 272031,China)
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2021年第5期463-468,共6页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
山东省现代农业薯类产业技术体系建设(SDAIT-16-15)
关键词
马铃薯
玉米
间作
经济效益
生态效益
potato
maize
intercropping
economic benefit
ecological benefit
