摘要
[目的/意义]量化分析研究美国科学基金会(NSF)资助项目的学科交叉度演化规律及影响因素,从研究项目维度观察学科交叉发展规律和特点,为我国从项目资助角度促进学科交叉发展提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]以NSF 2009—2018年资助的十大科学部共103819个项目为研究对象,从整体资助特征、学科交叉度分布情况、学科交叉度影响因素三个角度出发,首先分析各科学部资助项目数量与资助金额变化趋势及TOP10项目承担机构;其次对各科学部学科交叉度及其演化趋势进行分析,并使用交叉融合网络图可视化科学部间知识流动网络;最后采用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验分析不同年份、机构性质及科学部间学科交叉度是否存在显著差异。[结果/结论]从项目整体资助特征来看,NSF资助数理科学学部项目最多,其次为工程。社会、行为和经济科学部项目最少,且各科学部资助金额整体呈下降趋势,项目承担机构以美国大学为主;从项目学科交叉度来看,各科学部资助项目仍以单学科为主,且学科交叉度并没有形成稳定的增长或减弱趋势;从各科学部知识流动网络来看,生物科学部在多个科学部中流动强度最大;从学科交叉度影响因素来看,时间、机构性质、不同科学部均对项目学科交叉度产生影响。提出了加强学科交叉研究资助组织形式、加大对多元化机构项目资助、结合学科特点统筹规划和发展新兴交叉学科等建议。
[Purpose/significance]Quantitative analyze the interdisciplinarity evolution and influencing factors of NSF funded projects,and providing reference for China’s project funding.[Method/process]Taking 103819 projects funded by NSF in ten departments from 2009 to 2018 as the research object,from the perspective of overall funding characteristics,interdisciplinarity distribution and influencing factors of interdisciplinary,this paper first analyzes the trend of change in the number and amount of funded projects of each department and top 10 project undertaking institutions;secondly,the interdisciplinarity and its evolution trend of each department are analyzed,and the knowledge flow network between departments is visualized by using the subject map;finally,Kruskal Wallis nonparametric test is used to analyze whether there are significant differences in the interdisciplinarity among different years,institutional properties and departments.[Result/conclusion]From the perspective of the overall funding characteristics of the project,NSF funded the most programs in the Directorate For Mathematical and Physical Sciences,followed by Directorate For Engineering,Directorate For Social,Behavioral and Economic science,and the funding amount of each department declined as a whole,and the institutions undertaking the project were mainly American universities;from the perspective of the interdisciplinarity of the project,the funded projects of each department were still single discipline,and the interdisciplinarity was not stable;from the perspective of knowledge flow network of each department,Directorate For Biological Sciences has the largest flow intensity among multiple departments;from the perspective of influencing factors of interdisciplinarity,time,properties of institutions and different departments all have an impact on project interdisciplinarity.Some suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the organizational form of interdisciplinary research funding,increasing the funding for diversified institutions,and
出处
《情报理论与实践》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期122-132,共11页
Information Studies:Theory & Application
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“面向领域知识发现的学科信息学理论与应用研究”的成果之一,项目编号:17ATQ008。
关键词
美国科学基金会资助项目
学科交叉度
交叉网络
影响因素
演化趋势
NSF funded projects
interdisciplinarity
interdisciplinary research network
influencing factor
evolution trend
