摘要
铂族元素(Platinum group elements,PGEs)作为地壳最稀缺的一类金属元素,是重要的战略性矿产资源。非洲铂族金属矿产资源丰富且高度集中,占世界资源量>80%,主要集中在南非和津巴布韦。本文在前人研究基础上,对非洲PGEs矿床主要成矿类型、时空分布特点和开发利用现状进行了总结,研究认为:(1)非洲大型-超大型PGEs矿床成因类型主要为岩浆型,在时空上与世界级铁质-镁铁质大火成岩省(南非布什维尔德和津巴布韦大岩墙)密切相关,可细化分为脉状铜镍硫化物型、整合接触型铜镍硫化物型、脉状铬铁矿型和钒钛磁铁矿型。依据区域构造演化及其所产出的矿化特征,认为以铁质-镁铁质岩有关的岩浆型矿床仍具有较大的找矿潜力。(2)非洲铂族金属矿产勘查开发程度相对较高,近十年是全球勘查资金投入最多的地区,同时也是世界第一大铂生产地和第二大钯生产地。从事勘查开发的主要为世界顶级PGEs矿业寡头。(3)非洲是全球一次性铂族金属矿产品主要供应国,主要出口至美国、日本、中国、德国和英国。加强与南非、津巴布韦等国家之间的合作,保障PGEs资源供应的安全对我国尤为重要。
As the rarest metals in the crust,platinum group elements(PGEs)are one of the important strategic minerals.The mineral resources of PGEs in Africa are abundant and highly concentrated,accounting for>80%of the total world's resources,mainly distributed in South Africa and Zimbabwe.Based on previous studies,this paper summarizes the main metallogenic types,spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and development and utilization status of PGEs deposits in Africa.Research shows that(1)the large and super-large PGEs deposits in Africa are dominated by the magmatic-type,which are closely related to the world-class large igneous provinces(LIPs,e.g.South Africa Bushveld Igneous Complex and Zimbabwe Great Dyke)in time and space.They can be divided into the vein Cu-Ni sulfide,conformable contact Cu-Ni sulfide,vein-like chromite and V-Ti magnetite types.According to the regional tectonic evolution and mineralization characteristics,it is considered that magmatic-type deposits in LIPs still have great prospecting potential.(2)Africa has a relatively high level of PGEs mineral exploration and development.At present,Africa is the region with the largest investment in exploration funds,as well as the world's largest Pt production region and second largest Pd production region.The world's top PGEs mining is mainly engaged in exploration and development.(3)Africa is the world's leading supplier of PGEs products,mainly exported to the USA,Japan,China,Germany and the U.K.Strengthening the cooperation with South Africa,Zimbabwe and other relevant African countries is significant for the security of PGEs resource supply to China.
作者
王丰翔
黄圣路
王权
冯云磊
陈喜峰
张伟波
张万益
WANG Fengxiang;HUANG Shenglu;WANG Quan;FENG Yunlei;CHEN Xifeng;ZHANG Weibo;ZHANG Wanyi(Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Magmatic Mineralization and Ore-Prospecting,Geological Survey Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010020;Institute of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Beijing 100037;Key Laboratory of Regional Geology and Mineralization,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050031;No.6 Geological Team,Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Shijiazhuang,Heibei 050085;Shanxi Provincial Geological Survey Bureau 212 Geological Team,Changzhi,Shanxi 046000;Development Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037)
出处
《地质与勘探》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1229-1242,共14页
Geology and Exploration
基金
中国地质调查局项目“战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价”(编号:DD20211404)
河北地质大学博士科研启动基金(编号:BQ2018032)联合资助。
关键词
PGEs矿床
战略性矿产
开发利用
成矿规律
非洲
PGEs deposit
strategic mineral
exploitation and utilization
metallogenic regularity
Africa
