摘要
上海道契最初是晚清道台衙门与外国领事共同签发给外国人的土地契证,其在继承和发展中国传统土地产权制度的同时,吸纳了西方法律思想和原则,是连接传统和近代土地制度的重要环节。上海道契的产权属性逐渐超越最初的使用权,但道契申领并未发生原业主对承租人的所有权交割。这种基于所有者契约让渡而独立进入市场的财产权,可界定为介于所有权与使用权之间的土地占有权。在不完全契约下,道契持有者通过行使剩余控制权获得城市化进程中地价增值的支配权,使最初的"永租"使用权在市场交易中逐渐扩权赋能,形成可交易的经济权利,尤其是财产化的抵押与担保,从而实现土地占有权,进而获得治外法权下租界法律和制度的保障,由此也推动了租界的城市化进程。道契产权、典权、田面权等作为占有权,在产权形态及其实现路径上具有理论共通性,可以由此深化土地产权理论及其解释力。
The Shanghai Title Deed was originally issued to foreigners jointly by the Shanghai Taotai and foreign consuls in the late Qing Dynasty.While inheriting and developing the traditional Chinese land property system,the title deed incorporated the Western legal ideas and principles,which was an important link between the traditional and modern land systems.The property rights of the Shanghai Title Deed gradually transcended the initial right of land use,but the deed application did not result in the transfer of ownership from the original owner to the renter.Instead,the property right of the deed owner to enter the market independently based on contractual concession can be defined as the right of land possession between ownership and use.In accordance with the incomplete contract,the deed owner acquired the right to control the appreciation of land value in the urbanization by exercising the residual claim.Therefore,the initial right of use acquired by"perpetual lease"was gradually empowered in the market transactions and expanded to be a tradable economic right by exercising the function of mortgage and guarantee.Thus the deed owner realized his right of land possession,promoting urbanization in the concessions under the legal and institutional protection by extraterritoriality.As Title Deed,pawn,and allotment have theoretical commonality in the form of property rights and in realization paths,they may enrich the theory of land property and its implications.
作者
李一苇
龙登高
Li Yiwei;Long Denggao
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期101-124,M0006,共25页
Historical Research
