摘要
正理派是印度古典哲学流派之一,此派依托《正理经》对认识论有集中探讨。讨论的核心问题,一是各种认识方式的归类问题,二是认识方式的可靠性问题,这两个问题也广受古印度其他各派哲学关注。围绕上述问题,正理派与顺世派、弥曼差派、中观派等不同派别展开了持久、广泛的争论。对于印度常见的八种认识方式,正理派归为感知、推理、类比、言语四类。对于各种认识方式的可靠性,正理派认定上述四类认识方式可靠,而顺世派只认为外感知可靠,弥曼差派极力认定仅言语可靠,中观派龙树则否定所有认知方式可靠。正理派的认识论与西方认识论虽为同一论域,但由于文化背景与知识谱系的不同,在理论形态与发展动力上有明显差别。
The Nyaya school is one of the classical schools of philosophy in India,which has a concentrated discussion on epistemological issues based on Nyaya Sutras.There are two core issues in the discussion:one is the classification of various cognitive modes,the other being the reliability of cognitive modes.These two issues are also widely concerned by other philosophical schools in ancient India.Around the two issues,there is a prolonged and extensive debate between the Nyaya school and the Lokayata school,the Mimamsa school,Vijnaptimātra and other different schools.As for the eight common means of cognition in India,the Nyaya school divides them into four categories:perception,reasoning,analogy and speech.With regard to the reliability of various cognitive modes,the Nyaya school believes that there are four kinds of reliability,while the Lokayata school only believes that external perception is reliable,the Mimamsa school strongly believes that speech is reliable,and Nagarjuna in Madhyamaka denies the reliability of all means of cognition.Although the epistemology of Nyaya school and western epistemology are in the same field of theory,they are theoretical forms in different cultural systems.They have many similarities,but there are obvious differences in their theoretical forms and development impetus,due to the different cultural backgrounds and knowledge pedigrees.
作者
周骅
唐水明
ZHOU Hua;TANG Shui-ming(Biquan Academy, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China;Institute of Taoism and Religious Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China)
出处
《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期157-162,共6页
Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences
基金
国家社科规划办一般项目“莫迪执政与当代印度教转型研究”(20BZJ060)成果。
关键词
印度古典哲学
正理派
认识方式的归类
认识方式的可靠性
classical Indian philosophy
Nyaya
classification of cognitive modes
reliability of cognitive modes
