摘要
为促进陕北丘陵沟壑区山地苹果的优质高效生产,本研究将传统稀植果园中主要采用的主干疏层形改造为小冠疏层形、纺锤形或圆柱形、高干开心形和开心形,测定不同树形的树冠透光率、树冠大小、一年生枝和结果枝的数量及组成比例、果实产量和品质等指标,并估算其产值。结果表明:与对照主干疏层形相比,高干开心形和开心形的树冠大而扁,树冠透光率较高。开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的61.21%,树势中庸偏上;主干疏层形、小冠疏层形和高干开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的70.00%以上,树势较弱。开心形的短果枝占结果枝的60.68%,中果枝占28.67%,利于连年优质丰产;主干疏层形的短果枝占结果枝的85.00%,中果枝仅占8.79%,易形成隔年结果。不同树形的果实产量以主干疏层形的最高,其次为开心形;果实品质、均匀度和价格均以开心形的最高,主干疏层形的最低;经济产值以开心形的最高,其次为主干疏层形,高干开心形的最低。综上,建议将陕北丘陵沟壑区山地稀植苹果园的主干疏层形改造为开心形。
In order to promote mountain apple quality and efficient production in the hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi,the trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy used in traditional sparse planting orchard were transformed into small and sparse canopy,spindle or cylinder canopy,high stem and open-center canopy,and open-center canopy in this study.The intracoronal light transmittance,crown size,number of annual branches and fruit-bearing branches and their composition proportion,and fruit yields,fruit quality and fruit output and others of different canopy were monitored and estimated.The results showed that:Compared with the trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy,the crowns of high stem and open-center canopy and open-center canopy trees were large and flat,and their intracoronal light transmittance were higher.The foliage branches and short branches of open-center canopy accounted for 61.21% of the total annual branches,and the tree vigour was moderate to the upper.The foliage branches and short branches of trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy,small and sparse canopy,and high stem and open-center canopy accounted for more than 70.00% of the total annual branches,and the tree vigour all were weaker.The short fruit-bearing branches of open-center canopy accounted for 60.68% of the fruit-bearing branches,and the middle fruit-bearing branches accounted for 28.67%,which were beneficial to high quality and high yields in consecutive years.The short fruitbearing branches of trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy accounted for 85.00%,and the middle fruit-bearing branches accounted for only 8.79%,which were easy to form alternate bearing.The fruit yields of trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy were the highest among different canopies,and followed by open-center canopy.The fruit quality,fruit uniformity and fruit price of open-center canopy were the highest,and trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy were the lowest.The economic output value of open-center canopy was the highest,followed by trunk and dispersal-stratified canopy,
作者
白岗栓
杜社妮
王建平
BAI Gangshuan;DU Sheni;WANG Jianping(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;Fruit Industry Technology Service Station of Hezhuangping Town,Baota District,Yan'an 716000,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期54-66,共13页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501602)
延安山仑院士工作站科研项目(20181201)。
关键词
山地苹果
树形改造
树冠透光率
枝条数量及组成比例
经济产值
mountain apple
canopy transformation
intracoronal light transmittance
number and proportion of branches
economic output value
