摘要
为研究夹砂层耕地水分利用规律,以河套灌区典型夹砂层土壤耕地为研究对象,利用在春玉米生育期田间监测数据,应用土壤水分运动数值模型,探究对夹砂层土壤田间蒸散发、作物耗水及深层土壤水分的补给与深层渗漏规律。选择2种土壤的夹砂层埋深梯度S1(40~95 cm)、S2(60~110 cm),设置了3个灌水水平W1(252.5 mm)、W2(315.85 mm)、W3(378.75 mm)开展田间试验,同不含夹砂层处理B作对照,并应用HYDRUS-1D模型模拟春玉米生育期田间蒸散发,土壤水分深层渗漏及地下水补给耕层水量与根系吸水量,与不含夹砂层处理对比分析夹砂层对田间水分利用影响。结果表明:随着砂层埋深增加,棵间蒸发损失减小,叶面蒸腾水量增加;不含夹砂层处理玉米田间毛管向上补给水量较浅埋砂层与深埋砂层处理分别大57.01%、118.53%,灌水量为315.85 mm时含夹砂层处理的土壤水分深层渗漏最小;玉米生育期内根系吸水量随砂层埋深的增加而减少,不含夹砂层处理根系吸水量最大。浅埋砂层与深埋砂层处理分别为蒸散量的55.51%、61.31%,不含夹砂层处理为66.69%;暂时性亏缺水量从大到小依次为:S2、S1、B,水分从大到小依次为:B、S2、S1。综合考虑夹砂层土壤水分迁移、作物水分利用规律,建议在夹砂层耕地春玉米灌溉根据砂层分布因地制宜定灌溉制度,当夹砂层埋深在40~110 cm范围时,推荐春玉米在生育期灌溉定额为315.85 mm。该研究结果可为河套灌区含有夹砂层农田灌溉制度的制定提供理论指导。
Extensive sand layers are widely distributed over the impact plain of the Yellow River,particularly for Hetao Irrigation Areas in Inner Mongolia of western China.The migration of water and salt under the soil sand layer has posed a great influence on soil water utilization,soil salinization control,and crop growth.In this study,a numerical model of soil water movement was proposed to investigate the field evapotranspiration,crop water consumption,water supply,and deep soil water leakage in the sand layer using the data of field monitoring and laboratory experiments during the growth period of spring maize.Taking the cultivated land of the typical sand layer in the Hetao Irrigation Area as the research object and planting crop as spring corn,two gradients of buried depth were selected:S1(40-95 cm)and S2(60-110 cm)of the sand layer in the soils.Three irrigation levels were also set to carry out the field experiment,and then to compare with BWI without sand layer,including W1(252.5 mm),W2(315.85 mm),and W3(378.75 mm).A HYDRUS-1D model was selected to simulate the field evapotranspiration during the growth period of spring maize,deep seepage of soil water,groundwater recharge,and root water absorption.In addition,the temporary water deficit and water productivity were calculated during the whole growth period.Water use in the cultivated land with sand layer was then compared with that without sand layer.The results showed that the soil evaporation loss between grains decreased,whereas,the leaf transpiration water increased,with the increase of buried depth of the sand layer.Specifically,the soil layer above the sand layer was thicker,the soil water storage was larger,the surface soil moisture content was higher,and the soil negative pressure was lower when the buried depth of the sand layer was larger.As such,the deep soil water was less replenished upward through the capillary action.At the same time,there was less leakage to the deep layer below the sand layer after irrigation.Furthermore,the upstream water supply
作者
冯壮壮
史海滨
苗庆丰
孙伟
刘美含
代丽萍
Feng Zhuangzhuang;Shi Haibin;Miao Qingfeng;Sun Wei;Liu Meihan;Dai Liping(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;High Efficiency Water-saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010018,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第18期90-99,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51769024)
国家基金重点项目(51539005)。
