摘要
从纷繁的现象和复杂的定义中很难把握民粹主义,想要理解民粹的制度逻辑,必须从源头出发考察其发展演变。当代民粹主义的源头是19世纪末美国的人民党,在其诞生后的一个多世纪中,民粹主义在美国的发展大致可以概括为三个阶段:民权运动之前的左翼民粹主义阶段,民权运动之后的右翼民粹主义阶段,以及后特朗普时期的无领袖民粹主义阶段。民粹主义在美国社会中间歇性的爆发,缘于民粹主义已深深扎根在其民主制度中,它通过与自由主义、资本主义、身份政治和代议制的联结,形成了一种“民主-民粹”的共生态。美国只有通过民主制度的自我革新,才有可能摆脱民粹主义的纠缠,否则只能在民粹主义的斜坡上不断滑向深渊,从现代国际秩序的“缔造者”变成国际社会最大的不稳定因素。
It is difficult to grasp populism from numerous phenomena and complex definitions.To understand the institutional logic of populism,we must examine its evolution from the source.The source of contemporary populism is the People’s Party of the United States at the end of the 19th century.In more than a century after its birth,the development of populism in the United States can be roughly summarized as three stages:the left-wing populism stage before the Civil Rights Movement,the right-wing populism stage after the Civil Rights Movement,and the leaderless populism stage after the Trump era.The reason for the intermittent outbreak of populism in American society is that populism has been deeply rooted in its democratic system.Through the connection of liberalism,capitalism,identity politics and representative system,it has formed a“democracy-populism”common ecology.Only through the self-innovation of the democratic system can the United States get rid of the entanglement of populism.Otherwise,it can only continue to slide into the abyss on the slope of populism,from the“creator”of the modern international order to the largest“unstable factor”of the international community.
作者
柳亦博
王若彤
Liu Yibo;Wang Ruotong(Shandong Normal University, Jinan Shandong 250014)
出处
《天津行政学院学报》
北大核心
2021年第6期84-95,共12页
Journal of Tianjin Administration Institute
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“新时代国家治理话语体系创新研究”(18CZZ026)
济南市社会科学重点项目“国家治理体系与治理能力现代化进程中的济南实践研究”(JNSK20B20)。
关键词
民粹主义
美国
代议民主制
populism
The United States
representative democracy
