摘要
目的探讨成年人心理健康的性别差异及影响因素,为缩小心理健康性别差异、促进两性健康公平、制定分类干预策略提供依据。方法利用2013年12月至2014年6月期间无锡市精神疾病流行病学调查数据,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取主城区18周岁及以上的成年人2600例作为调查对象,最终2396例完成一般情况调查问卷及一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)。利用logistic回归分析影响男女心理健康的因素。结果本次调查的2396例调查对象中,男性1143例,女性1253例,年龄(48.46±16.47)岁。女性心理健康问题阳性检出率19.23%(241/1253),高于男性心理健康问题阳性检出率14.87%(170/1143)(P<0.05)。在GHQ-12心理行为特征的表现上,女性比男性更容易出现过于担心而失眠、更容易觉得自己没有决断力、更容易感到痛苦忧虑、更容易感到失去自信,而男性比女性反映更不能享受生活(均P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,影响女性心理健康的危险因素为外来人口、中老年、无配偶、小学及以下学历、有躯体疾病、有睡眠问题(均OR>1,P<0.05);影响男性心理健康的危险因素为老年、无配偶、初中及以下学历、1万元以下年均收入、吸烟、饮酒、不主动获取健康知识、有躯体疾病(均OR>1,P<0.05)。结论成年人心理健康问题存在性别差异,在制定心理健康促进策略时,除考虑男女共有的心理健康问题及危险因素外,还应按性别差异制定分类的干预策略,以提高心理健康促进效果。
Objective To explore the gender differences and influencing factors of adult mental health,and provide a basis for reducing the gender differences in mental health and formulating classified intervention strategies.Methods Based on the epidemiological survey data of mental illness in Wuxi City from December 2013 to June 2014,2600 adults aged 18 years and above were selected from the main urban area by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.Finally,2396 cases completed general situation questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12).Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the mental health of men and women.Results Among the 2396 subjects,there were 1143 males and 1253 females,aged(48.46±16.47)years.The positive rate of female mental health problems was 19.23%(241/1253),which was higher than that of male mental health problems[14.87%(170/1143)](P<0.05).In terms of the performance of GHQ-12 psychobehavioral characteristics,women were more likely to suffer from insomnia due to excessive worry,indecisiveness,pain and anxiety,and loss of confidence than men,while men were less unable to enjoy life than women(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of female mental health were migrant population,the middle-aged and elderly,no spouse,primary school education background or below,physical diseases,and sleep problems(all OR>1,P<0.05);the risk factors of male mental health were old age,no spouse,junior middle school education background or below,annual income under 10000 Yuan,smoking,drinking,not actively acquiring health knowledge,and physical diseases(all OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion There exists gender differences in mental health status of adults,and the factors affecting the mental health status of men and women are different.
作者
冯为
杨雀屏
吴越
李世明
崔凤伟
Feng Wei;Yang Queping;Wu Yue;Li Shiming;Cui Fengwei(The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University,Wuxi 214151,China)
出处
《国际医药卫生导报》
2021年第22期3486-3491,共6页
International Medicine and Health Guidance News
基金
无锡市卫生局重大项目基金(Z201303)
南京医科大学科技发展基金项目(NMUB2019305)。
关键词
心理健康
性别差异
影响因素
Mental health
Gender differences
Influencing factors
