摘要
探讨了2013~2018年以不同比例滴施钾氮肥(K2O/N 0.6~1.2,分别简写为滴施NK0.6、NK0.8、NK1.0和NK1.2)及以不同方式施用等量氮磷钾肥(包括氮钾肥滴施而磷肥土施、氮磷钾肥均滴施及氮磷钾肥均土施,K2O/N均为1.0)对砖红壤中荔枝生长发育的影响。结果表明,2015和2017年分别受到强台风及控梢不当的影响,剔除这两年产量数据后,其他3年以滴施NK1.0处理平均产量最高且稳产性最好。降低或提高钾氮肥滴施比例均降低产量,而且稳产性变差;果实颜色以滴施NK0.8处理最为鲜亮;随滴施钾氮肥比例提高,果实糖酸比、总游离氨基酸、风味氨基酸和γ-氨基丁酸含量下降,果皮多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性降低或先降低后提高;荔枝叶斑病发病率呈现随滴施钾氮肥比例提高先下降后升高的趋势,以滴施NK1.0处理的叶斑病发病率最低;处理间的虫害发生则缺乏规律。整体而言,钾氮肥滴施比例对荔枝果实品质、风味和病害发生的影响大于施肥方式的影响。推荐在质地为粘土的砖红壤,以1∶1的比例滴施钾氮肥,配合滴施钙、镁和硼肥及土施磷肥,可获得最高产量且稳产性最好,果实品质、风味和耐贮性也较好。
The suitable application ratio of potassium over nitrogen(K_(2)O/N 0.6~1.2,abbreviated as NK0.6,NK0.8,NK1.0 and NK1.2,respectively)in fertigation for litchi was investigated by a five-year field experiment during 2013~2018.The effect of different NPK fertilization approaches(with the same K_(2)O/N=1.0)including NK fertigation and P soil-applied,NPK fertigation and NPK soil-applied in litchi field,respectively,was compared.The results showed when the fruit yields in both 2015 and 2017 were excluded due to the impact of typhoon and unsuitable shoot control in these two years,the mean yield in the NK1.0 treatment was the upmost with the highest stability.Litchi productivity fell down as the K_(2)O/N ratio decreased or increased,with lower yield stability.The fruits fertigated with NK 0.8 appeared with the most bright clour.As the use ratio of K_(2)O/N increased,the ratio of soluble sugar over titratable acid,the contents of total free amino acid,taste amino acid andγ-aminobutyric acid in litchi fruit decreased.Meanwhile,the activities of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase reduced or first decreased and then increased with the increasing K_(2)O/N ratio.The incidence of leaf spot disease was reduced and then promoted by increasing K_(2)O/N ratio,with the lowest disease incidence in the treatment of NK1.0.The fruit damage by insects was similar among all fertilization treatments.On the whole,the effect of drip application ratio of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer on litchi fruit quality,flavor and disease occurrence was greater than that of fertilization method.It suggests that when N and K fertilizers are fertigated at the ratio of 1∶1 with the combination of Ca,Mg and B fertigation and P soil application in a clay laterite soil,litchi tree can generate the highest productivity,with the upmost yield stability and better fruit quality,taste and storage capability.
作者
白翠华
周昌敏
王祥和
罗东林
朱陆伟
姚丽贤
BAI Cui-hua;ZHOU Chang-min;WANG Xiang-he;LUO Dong-lin;ZHU Lu-wei;YAO Li-xian(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510642;Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou Hainan 570100)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期58-66,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32)。
关键词
滴灌施肥
水肥一体化
钾氮比
磷肥
氨基酸
drip fertilization
fertigation
K2O/N ratio
phosphorous fertilizer
amino acid
