摘要
目的了解平顶山市托幼机构和小学百日咳发病特征和抗体水平,为百日咳防控提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对平顶山市2005—2019年学龄前和学龄儿童发生的百日咳病例三间分布、免疫史和抗体水平进行分析,用ELISA检测百日咳毒素抗体水平。结果平顶山市2005—2019年学龄前和学龄儿童共发生百日咳病例75例,其中学龄前儿童40例、学龄儿童35例,平均发病率分别为10.07/10万和0.69/10万,每隔3~5年出现一个发病高峰,主要集中在5—8月,学龄前病例男童少于女童,两者比例为1∶1.67,学龄病例男童多于女童,男女比例为1.19∶1;165名百日咳抗体监测对象中163人完成4剂次百白破疫苗接种,占98.79%;百日咳抗体阳性率为12.73%,叶县抗体阳性率高于舞钢市,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.40,P=0.01),学龄前与学龄儿童、男童与女童及最后一次免疫后不同时间抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.25,P=0.26;χ^(2)=3.19,P=0.07;χ^(2)=6.08,P=0.11)。结论平顶山市学龄前和学龄儿童百日咳发病率整体呈下降趋势;百日咳抗体阳性率低;需加强监测,并做好入托入学查验接种证工作,防控百日咳在托幼机构和小学的暴发或流行。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of pertussis and the antibody level in schools and kindergartens in Pingdingshan, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of pertussis.Methods The distribution of three, history of immunology and antibody level of the cases of pertussis preschool and school-age children from 2005 to 2019 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method and ELISA was used to test the level of pertussis toxin antibody.Results A total of 75 cases of pertussis occurred in preschool(40 cases)and school-age children(35 cases) in Pingdingshan from 2005 to 2019,with an annual incidence of 10.07/100 000 and 0.69/100 000 respectively, the peak appeared every 3-5 years;the cases of pertussis were concentrated from May to August;the male was less than female in preschool children and the ratio was 1∶1.67,but the school-age children on the contrary and the ratio between the male and female was 1.19∶1.A total of 165 subjects were selected to detect the pertussis toxin antibody, and 163 subjects completed 4 doses of DPT vaccination(98.79%).The positive rate of pertussis toxin antibody was 12.73% and it was higher in Ye County than in Wugang City, with a statistically significantly different(χ^(2)=7.40,P=0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of antibody between preschool and school-age children, boys and girls, and different times after last immunization(χ^(2)=1.25,P=0.26;χ^(2)=3.19,P=0.07;χ^(2)=6.08,P=0.11).Conclusion The incidence rate of pertussis among preschool and school-age children in Pingdingshan showed a downward trend as a whole.The positive rate of pertussis toxin antibody in preschool and school-age children is low.Surveillance of pertussis should be strengthened and it is necessary to do a good job in checking the vaccination certificate to prevent and control outbreaks or epidemics of pertussis in kindergartens and primary schools.
作者
徐蕊
葛为民
杨恒丹
王慧晶
胡玉捷
XU Rui;GE Wei-min;YANG Heng-dan;WANG Hui-jing;HU Yu-jie(Pingdingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevetion,Henan 467000,China)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2021年第10期939-942,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
河南省卫生健康委2019年中央财政重大公共卫生项目(疾控部分)实施方案(豫卫疾控函[2019]52号)。
关键词
学龄前儿童
学龄儿童
百日咳
流行病学
分析
Preschool children
School-age children
Pertussis
Epidemiology
Analysis
