摘要
Gcm(Glial cells missing)是含Gcm-motif的转录因子。在果蝇中,Gcm决定神经元细胞与胶质细胞的分化命运;而在哺乳动物中,Gcm基因有Gcm1和Gcm2两种形式,主要表达于非神经组织,分别参与尿囊绒膜和甲状旁腺的形成。故Gcm在无脊椎动物与脊椎动物中的功能是有差异的,但对其是怎样进化的并不清楚。文昌鱼是在进化中接近脊椎动物的无脊椎动物,是进化研究的良好模式生物。本文利用生物信息学方法鉴定出文昌鱼基因组中存在Gcm2-like基因,并对其进化与表达进行了研究。Gcm2(或Gcm2-like)基因存在于从刺胞动物到哺乳动物的各物种中,而Gcm1基因仅从两栖动物中才开始出现。无脊椎动物的Gcm2-like基因可能代表了脊椎动物Gcm1和Gcm2基因分化前的原始形式,且无脊椎动物的Gcm2-like基因可能与脊椎动物的Gcm2基因直系同源。另外,通过利用RT-PCR和原位杂交技术对文昌鱼Gcm2-like基因的表达进行了检测发现:Gcm2-like基因主要在文昌鱼的鳃、肠和肝盲囊中表达,特别是在鳃中明显高表达,支持哺乳动物甲状旁腺起源于鳃的观点。本研究为进一步揭示Gcm功能的进化奠定了基础。
The Glial cells missing(Gcm)gene in Drosophila encodes a Gcm-motif transcription factor that functions as a binary switch to select between glial and neuronal cell fates.In mammals,two Gcm genes have been identified,Gcm1 and Gcm2,which are expressed predominantly in non-neural tissues.Mouse Gcm1 is required for chorio-allantois morphogenesis in placenta.In contrast,mouse Gcm2 functions in parathyroid gland development.These findings raise the possibility that vertebrate Gcm genes have a different biological role from invertebrate gcm genes.However,it′s not clear how it evolved.The cephalochordate amphioxus represents an important transitional group from invertebrates to vertebrates during evolution.In this paper,Gcm2-like gene was identified in amphioxus by bioinformatics and its evolution and expression were studied.The Gcm2(or Gcm2-like)gene is present in a variety of species from cnidarians to mammals,while Gcm1 has only been present from amphibians.Gcm2-like in invertebrates may represent the primitive form before the differentiation of Gcm1 and Gcm2 in tetrapods,and Gcm2-like genes in invertebrates may be the orthologous genes of Gcm2 genes in vertebrates.In addition,semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization technologies were used to detect the expression of Gcm2-like gene,and it was found that Gcm2-like gene was mainly expressed in the gill,intestine and hepatic cecum of amphioxus.This study lays a foundation for further revealing the evolution of Gcm function.
作者
王云生
林鹏燕
徐高倩
刘振辉
Wang Yunsheng;Lin Pengyan;Xu Gaoqian;Liu Zhenhui(Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)
出处
《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期41-49,共9页
Periodical of Ocean University of China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31572259)资助。
关键词
GCM
文昌鱼
原位杂交
进化
Gcm
amphioxus
in situ hybridization
evolution
