摘要
云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis W.C.Cheng&L.K.Fu)是红豆杉属植物中紫杉醇含量最高的树种,同时也是我国红豆杉属中分布最广和资源蕴藏量最丰富的物种.然而,近年来由于人为大量砍伐,云南红豆杉野生资源遭到严重破坏,加上生长缓慢且天然更新困难,目前处于濒危状态.对云南红豆杉天然资源的保护和药用人工林的培育对于云南红豆杉资源的可持续利用具有重要的意义.对云南红豆杉资源分布现状及种群和繁殖生态学等方面的研究进行综述,发现云南红豆杉的濒危是由其自身繁殖机制引起的天然更新困难、对环境的适应能力较低以及人为因素共同导致的.同时从紫杉醇含量的影响因素及获取方式、人工药用林培育方面总结了云南红豆杉的开发利用现状,发现云南红豆杉中紫杉醇的含量受其自身特性及外在因素的综合影响;包含紫杉醇在内的紫杉烷类物质目前主要通过直接提取和半合成两种方式获取;此外在全合成、组织或细胞培养及真菌诱导等方式上也有了新的研究进展.最后,建议从就地保护、迁地保护及引种回归3个方面对云南红豆杉天然资源进行综合保护,同时大力推进紫杉烷工业化合成方式的研究和云南红豆杉人工药用原料林的培育,提高云南红豆杉的资源利用效率,在保护云南红豆杉天然林的同时实现资源的合理利用.
Taxus yunnanensis W.C.Cheng&L.K.Fu is a species with the widest distribution and richest resources,as well as the highest taxol content of Taxus species in China.However,the wild resources of T.yunnanensis have been seriously damaged due to a large amount of human logging coupled with the slow growth rate and natural regeneration difficulties of this species in recent years.Therefore,the development and utilization of plantations of T.yunnanensis are of great significance for the realization of its sustainable utilization.In this paper,the research on T.yunnanensis was reviewed,regarding its distribution,population,and reproductive ecology.The findings indicate that T.yunnanensis is endangered as a result of its own reproductive mechanisms,natural regeneration difficulties,low adaptability to the environment,and human destruction.In addition,we summarized the development and utilization status of T.yunnanensis from the aspects of influencing factors and synthesis methods of taxanes and cultivation of artificial medicinal forests.Previous studies have shown that the taxol content in T.yunnanensis is affected by its own characteristics and external factors.Additionally,taxanes,including taxol,are mainly obtained by direct extraction from twigs and semi-synthesis from a precursor substance,10-DAB.Meanwhile,progress has been made in developing new methods for total synthesis,including tissue or cell culture and fungal induction.To conserve T.yunnanensis,we suggest that in situ and ex situ protections as well as the reintroduction of wild populations are needed,and research on the industrialized synthesis of taxanes and the cultivation of artificial medicinal material forests of T.yunnanensis are urgently needed to improve its resource utilization efficiency.Consequently,we can realize the rational utilization of resources,while protecting natural forests of T.yunnanensis.
作者
唐荣
李帅锋
苏建荣
TANG Rong;LI Shuaifeng;SU Jianrong(Research Institute of Resources Insect,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期705-715,共11页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0505005)
国家中医药管理局全国中药资源普查项目(GZY-KJS-2018-004)资助。
关键词
云南红豆杉
紫杉醇
10-DAB
濒危植物保护
人工药用原料林
开发利用
Taxus yunnanensis
taxol
10-DAB
conservation of endangered plant
artificial medicinal material forest
development and utilization
