摘要
目的了解西藏自治区昌都市学龄前儿童的屈光状态特点及影响因素。方法横断面研究。于2020年7至10月调查西藏自治区昌都市区所有在园学龄前儿童。收集受检儿童的一般资料,调查并评估其屈光状态,比较不同年龄、性别、地域的受检儿童的屈光状态;采用问卷形式向家长了解受检儿童在家观看电视和使用电脑的时间、身高、体重、双亲视力状况、每天睡眠时间、不良用眼习惯等项目。计量数据行t检验,计数数据行χ^(2)检验;视力危险因素的分析采用多因素Logistic回归。结果共检录学龄前儿童2793人,最终受检者2755人,受检率98.64%。排除眼病共2749名儿童纳入研究,包括常住高原儿童2646人,年龄(4.52±0.97)岁,其中男性1501人,女性1145人,检出屈光状态异常者253人(9.56%);非常住高原地区儿童103人,检出屈光状态异常者24人(23.30%)。学龄前儿童屈光筛查异常率随年龄增加而增加;不同性别的异常率(男生133/1501,女生120/1145)差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.79,P>0.05)。常住高原地区儿童2646人中屈光异常者253人(9.56%),非常住高原地区儿童103人中屈光异常者24人(23.30%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.93,OR=2.87,P<0.05)。营养不良(OR=0.06,95%CI:0.04~0.08)、父母患近视眼(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.04~0.25)是导致高原地区学龄前儿童屈光状态异常的危险因素。结论昌都市学龄前儿童屈光不正率相对较低,促进营养均衡发展可能是干预高原地区屈光不正的有效措施之一。
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of refractive status of preschool children in Changdu,Tibet.Methods From July 2020 to October 2020,a cross-section investigation was performed among preschool children in Changdu,Tibet.The general information was collected,and the uncorrected refractive status was recorded and investigated.The measurement data were expressed by mean±standard deviation,and the t-test andχ2 test were used for univariate analysis.The questionnaire of factors influencing children′s visual acuity was distributed to the parents of the children.The independent variables included height,weight,nutritional status,parents′eyesight,sleeping time and habits that were bad for eyes.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of refractive status,including age and gender.Results A total of 2793 children were screened,among whom 2646(98.64%)children including 1501 males and 1145 females were inhabitants in the plateau region.The average age was(4.52±0.97)years.Refractive abnormalities were found in 253 children(9.56%).The detection rate of refractive abnormalities increased with age.There was no significant difference between males and females(χ^(2)=1.79,P>0.05).The total abnormal refraction rate of preschoolers was lower in the plateau region than the non-plateau region(χ^(2)=13.93,P<0.05).The parental refractive status(OR=0.06,95%CI:0.04-0.08)and nutritional factors(OR=0.11,95%CI:0.04-0.25)had higher correlations with the refractive abnormalities of preschoolers.Conclusions The rate of refractive abnormalities of preschool children was relatively low in Changdu,Tibet.One of the effective measures to prevent ametropia in the plateau area can be balanced nutrition.
作者
黄柳萌
谢书浓
Huang Liumeng;Xie Shunong(Department of Ophthalmology,909th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Force,Zhangzhou 363000,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,Zhangzhou 363000,China)
出处
《中华眼科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期772-776,共5页
Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology
