摘要
墓葬壁画是我国重要文化遗产,承载着灿烂的文明与古代科技,体现着当时社会先进生产力,是能让文物“活起来”的典型代表。壁画类文物的保护研究与价值阐释,是国家文化自信建设战略的重要组成部分。基于墓葬壁画本身材质的脆弱性以及较低的环境耐受性,目前墓葬壁画的保护手段还是以现场揭取、搬迁等异地保护方法为主。在这一过程中壁画承载的信息难免流失,保护壁画的材料亦为后续研究带来了干扰。故而,建立起一套墓葬壁画现场信息提取方法体系,在考古发掘现场第一时间提取表面信息、挖掘隐藏信息,开展综合研究十分必要。本工作参考了石窟、建筑壁画、考古现场遗迹信息提取方法,结合墓葬壁画自身特点,针对墓葬壁画信息提取不全面、不深入的问题,以多座陕西地区墓葬壁画以及四川、江西、河北、宁夏等地墓葬壁画为研究对象,开展了墓葬壁画信息提取方法研究,提出了全面的墓葬壁画现场信息提取的思路与方法。首先,开展有效环境监测,从而提出合理的小环境控制手段,以延缓壁画劣化;然后,通过有效组合各种照相技术和光谱技术,开展从宏观到微观,从可见光到多光谱全方位、多维度的画面信息提取,全面深入记录画面信息;联合多种便携检测设备,在科学选点基础上,提出由表及里、由点及面、重点关注逐层深入、互相补充的材质工艺研究思路,有效获得壁画的制作材料组成、工艺特征;最后,综合以上多重结果,通过观察与仪器检测,对壁画进行多角度、多层次病害调查,准确掌握壁画壁画病害分布、病害程度。此外提出了以研究需求与标本保存为目的各类标本采集要求与方法。墓葬壁画考古现场信息提取是现场科学保护和后续考古学研究的关键部分,其积累的大量影像资料、数据资料为壁画保护提供了支撑,为考古学研究提�
Tomb murals,as an important cultural heritage in China,reflecting brilliant civilizations and ancient sciences and technology,as well as advanced social productive forces at that time,are a typical representative of“living”cultural relics.Conservation research and value interpretation of mural cultural relics are an important part of the national cultural confidence construction strategy.Based on the fragility of the materials and low environmental tolerance of tomb murals,the main conservation methods for tomb murals at present are detachment and relocation,which,however,may lead to the loss of some original information.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a system of information extraction methods for tomb murals,to record surface information,extract hidden information and carry out comprehensive research at archaeological excavation sites from the very beginning of work at the site.We referred to the methods for information extraction of grottoes,architectural murals and archaeological sites,combining the characteristics of tomb murals,knowing that the information extraction of tomb murals was not comprehensive and in-depth.We then studied the information extraction methods for tomb murals using several tomb murals in Shaanxi,Sichuan,Jiangxi,Hebei and Ningxia as research objects and thus proposed on-site information excavation methods for tomb murals for the first time.First,means for environmental control were proposed to delay the deterioration of murals according to the environmental monitoring.Second,in combination with photography and spectroscopy,a multi-dimensional image information extraction method was developed to comprehensively and deeply record mural information from macroscopic to microscopic scale,from visible spectral to multi-spectral range.Then,various portable detection devices were used on the premise of scientific selection of interest points,and a research approach was established to effectively obtain the composition of materials and the techniques for making of murals,from surface
作者
严静
赵西晨
黄晓娟
邵安定
YAN Jing;ZHAO Xichen;HUANG Xiaojuan;SHAO Anding(Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology, Xi’an 710054, China;Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Archaeological Excavation Site (Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology), State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Xi’an 710054, China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2021年第5期9-18,共10页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助(2019YFC1520100)
陕西省重点产业创新链(群)项目资助(2021ZDLSF06-05)。
关键词
信息提取
墓葬壁画
考古现场
多方法联合
Information extraction
Tomb mural
Archaeological site
Multi-methods
