摘要
黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展同京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展一样,是重大国家战略。本文通过大量文献研究,深入分析识别出黄河流域不同于其他流域的显著特点和主要挑战,包括水少、沙多,水沙关系不协调;水资源供需矛盾十分尖锐,生产生活用水严重挤占生态用水;水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱且修复难度极大;水污染防治任务艰巨;生物多样性受到严重威胁。针对黄河流域"先天不足、后天失养"的问题,为了走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路,建议:加强顶层设计,建立流域法律体系和规划;开展水沙调控、水土流失、生态保护修复综合治理;实行最严格的水资源管理制度,合理调配生产、生活、生态用水;进一步加大对重点行业的污染防治和风险防范力度;建立区域协商合作机制,制定全流域统一的"三线一单"制度;创新市场融资机制,确保水资源产出效益最大化;信息共享平台,实现流域监管和服务"一张图"。
The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has is a major national strategy,equivalent to the coordinated development of Jing-Jin-Ji,the Development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.Based on a large number of literature studies,this paper identifies the distinctive characteristics and major challenges of the Yellow River Basin,which are different from other river basins,including less water,more sand,and disharmonious water-sand relationship;the sharp contradiction between water supply and demand in which the use of water for production and households outweighs the use for ecology;severe soil and water loss with fragile ecosystem and difficult remediation;and arduous tasks in water pollution control and ecological protection.In view of the problem of unfavorable natural conditions and insufficient protection in the Yellow River Basin,in order to take the civilized development road of production development,rich life and good ecology,it is recommendedto strengthen the top-level design,establish the basin legal system and planning,take comprehensive measures to control water and sediment,soil erosion,and ecological protection and restoration,implement the strictest water resource management system and rationally allocate water for production,living and ecological purposes.Further strengthen pollution prevention and risk prevention in key industries,establish regional consultation and cooperation mechanisms,and formulate a unified"three lines and one order"system.Innovate the market financing mechanism to ensure the maximum benefit of water resources output,and Establish information sharing Platform to realize watershed Supervision and Service"one Map".
作者
张敏
吕艳荷
刘磊
ZHANG Min;LV Yan-he;LIU Lei(Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;Guangrao Environmental Monitoring Center,Dongying Ecology and Environment Bureau,Shandong 257300,China;Assessment Center far Environmental Engineering,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《四川环境》
2021年第5期157-161,共5页
Sichuan Environment
关键词
黄河流域
主要问题
对策建议
Yellow River Basin
major Problems
countermeasures
