摘要
驾驶人风险感知是驾驶过程中驾驶人识别风险并作出决策及反应的过程,与交通事故密切相关.风险感知研究对于干预不安全驾驶行为,预防和减少交通事故有着重要意义.对驾驶人风险感知研究进行系统回顾,介绍了风险感知的定义及相关理论,归纳分析了驾驶人风险感知的影响因素,梳理总结了驾驶人风险感知的测试评估方法、风险感知培训方法及其效果评价.综合分析表明:驾驶人风险感知能力是多种因素共同作用下的结果(如社会人口因素、驾驶经验等);不同驾驶人在风险感知方面的差异主要通过驾驶行为体现(如反应时间、反应速度、注视位置等),缺少驾驶人生理变化方面的深入研究;不同风险感知测试方法的效果无法进行横向比较,需要完善相关的衡量标准;在驾驶人风险感知培训研究方面,有必要进一步验证风险感知培训对驾驶人的作用是否具有普遍性与长期性.
Driver hazard perception is the process by which the driver identifies risks and makes decisions and reactions during the driving process,which is closely related to traffic accidents.In this review,we introduced the definition of hazard perception and related theories,and analyzed the influencing factors of driver hazard perception.Additionally,we discussed the testing and assessment methods of driver hazard perception,hazard perception training methods and their effect evaluation.The comprehensive analysis shows that:the hazard perception of drivers is the result of a combination of factors(e.g.socio-demographic factors,driving experience,etc.);the differences in hazard perception of different drivers are mainly reflected by their driving behaviors(e.g.reaction time,reaction speed,gaze position,etc.),and lack of indepth analysis of the physiological changes in drivers;the effects of different hazard perception testing methods cannot be compared horizontally,and there is a need to improve.In terms of driver hazard perception training,it is necessary to further verify whether the effect of hazard perception training on drivers is universal and long-term.
作者
秦雅琴
李秋谷
谢济铭
QIN Yaqin;LI Qiugu;XIE Jiming(Faculty of Transportation Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)
出处
《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》
北大核心
2021年第5期125-138,共14页
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71861016)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YF1600505)。
关键词
风险感知
风险感知影响因素
风险感知测试
风险感知培训
hazard perception
hazard perception influencing factors
hazard perception testing
hazard percep-tion training
