摘要
外泌体是一种能被大多数细胞分泌,并能通过特定信号分子的转移实现细胞间信息交流的囊泡类小体。越来越多的研究表明,外泌体广泛参与心血管疾病的发生发展,例如高血压、心力衰竭和心肌梗死等。近年的研究表明,运动对体液及血液循环中的外泌体的生物功能有较大的影响。不同运动方式均可促进外泌体的释放,并影响其miRNA和蛋白质的表达。现阶段研究发现,运动促进外泌体的释放可能与血流诱导的层流剪切力、Ca+水平上升、运动中各类细胞间的信号传递以及机体生理状态的激活有关,但运动促进外泌体释放的机制仍有待完善。此外,外泌体的释放及其内容物的改变也被认为是机体适应性变化的标志。最新的研究表明,运动促进外泌体释放并调节其miRNA和蛋白质的表达,从而发挥促进血管新生、抑制心肌细胞凋亡、抑制心肌纤维化和保护内皮细胞功能等关键作用,为运动防治心血管疾病提供了新方向。本文综述了不同细胞来源外泌体在心血管疾病中的作用;并围绕运动对外泌体的调控,以及运动调控外泌体在心血管保护中的分子机制进行深入分析,旨在为心血管疾病的预防和治疗提供新思路。
Exosome is a kind of vesicular body which can be secreted by most cells and can communicate information between cells through the transfer of specific signal molecules.More and more studies have shown that exosomes are widely involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases,such as hypertension,heart failure and myocardial infarction.In recent years,studies have shown that exercise has a great impact on the biological function of body fluids and blood circulation exosomes.Different exercise modes can promote the release of exosomes and affect the expression of miRNA and proteins.At present,studies have found that exercise promotion of exosome release may be related to the laminar shear force induced by blood flow,the increase of Ca+levels,the signal transduction between various cells during exercise and the activation of body physiological states,but the mechanism of exercise promotion of exosome release still needs to be improved.In addition,the release of exosomes and changes in their contents are also considered to be markers of adaptive changes in the body.Recent studies have shown that exercise promotes the release of exosomes and regulates the expression of miRNAs and proteins,thus playing key roles in promoting angiogenesis,inhibiting myocardial apoptosis,inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and protecting endothelial cells,providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Herein the role of exosomes from different cell sources in cardiovascular diseases is reviewed in this paper.We analyze the regulation of exercise exosomes and the molecular mechanism of exercise regulation exosomes in cardiovascular protection,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
作者
蒲锐
陈子扬
袁凌燕
PU Rui;CHEN Zi-Yang;YUAN Ling-Yan(College of Education and Sports Sciences,Yangtze University,Hubei Jingzhou 434023,China;Department of Human Movement Sciences,Institute of Physical Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)
出处
《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期1145-1154,共10页
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.31371196)资助。
关键词
外泌体
运动
微RNA
心血管
exosomes
exercise
microRNA(miRNA)
cardiovascular
