摘要
正常大脑活动需要兴奋性神经元和抑制性神经元的共同作用,而中间神经元被认为是控制大脑过度兴奋性的主要细胞成分。已有研究表明,GABA能中间神经元的缺陷可导致病理性的高兴奋性。大脑皮层中间神经元大多起源于胚胎端脑腹侧,经远距离的切向迁移到达皮层,继而径向迁移到达发育中的皮质层。其中,切向迁移被认为是中间神经元迁移的主要方式。大脑皮层中间神经元的迁移是一个复杂而精确的过程。随着对皮层神经元切向迁移研究的深入,目前已有许多分子被证明在迁移过程中发挥关键的作用。本文主要描述了中间神经元的迁移路径和迁移方式,并从两个方面解析了调控中间神经元迁移的分子机制。一方面,神经营养因子以及神经递质等对中间神经元的运动有促进作用。另一方面,多个蛋白质或蛋白多糖家族能与中间神经元膜受体结合或与其分泌蛋白质相互作用,为神经元迁移提供方向线索。本文以小鼠为模型,就大脑皮层中间神经元切向迁移作一综述,以期增进对相关分子调控机制的深入理解,为寻找针对神经系统发育相关性疾病的治疗新靶点提供思路和线索。
Brain activity requires the regulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.GABAergic interneurons are considered to prevent hyperexcitability in brain.Severe GABAergic deficits have been proved to cause pathological hyperexcitability.Most cortical interneurons originate from the ventral telencephalon and then undergo a long tangential migration to the cortex,followed by radial migration into developing cortical plate.Among them,tangential migration is considered to be the main migration manner of interneurons.The process is rather complex but also precise.With the deepening research on the tangential migration of cortical neurons,many molecules have been proved to play important roles in the process of migration.In this review,we mainly describe the migration path and migration manner of interneurons,and its underlying mechanism in two aspects.On the one hand,neurotrophins such as BDNF,NT-4,GDNF,HGF and neurotransmitters such as GABA,Glu,DA can enhance the motility of interneurons.On the other hand,several protein families as well as proteoglycans,such as Ephrin,Sema and Nrg,can bind to membrane-bound or secreted guidance cues of interneurons,providing direction clues for neuronal migration.In this review,we discussed the tangential migration of interneurons in mice,in order to provide novel insights into the regulatory molecular mechanisms of cerebral cortical development and help to develop new targets against defects in neural developments.
作者
莫非
谭国鹤
刘媛媛
MO Fei;TAN Guo-He;LIU Yuan-Yuan(Guangxi Medical University,Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine,Nanning 530021,China;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education,Nanning 530021,China;China-ASEAN Research Center for Innovation and Development in Brain Science,Nanning 530021,China)
出处
《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第9期1138-1144,共7页
Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.31800865)
广西自然科学基金联合资助培育项目(No.2018GXNSFAA294109
No.2018GXNSFAA294107)。
关键词
中间神经元
径向迁移
切向迁移
皮层发育
interneurons
radial migration
tangential migration
cortical development
