摘要
构建转基因食品标识制度首先应厘清转基因食品的安全性,科学界对此判断比较乐观,但公众因关系到自身生命健康,与政府、科学家之间信息不对称且信任度极低以及"天人合一"等传统文化观念的原因而存有较大顾虑.其次,需明晰转基因食品的风险特性,其属于"无知"风险,应关注"次阶风险",即"规制不足"与"过度规制".经过对两者的比较,得出以严谨的态度为出发点,坚持以预防原则为核心,科学证据、公开透明及民主参与、全过程控制、分级管理与动态管制原则为重要组成的思路构建转基因标识制度.最后,建议以明确转基因食品定义、建立动态管理目录、设定合理阈值、建立标识豁免制度、严控反向标识的方式确定标识范围.
The establishment of GM food labeling system should first care the safety of GM food.The scientific community is optimistic about the safety,but the public is worried because life and health is extremely important,the public has different information from governments and scientists,and there is little trust between them,and thousands of years of cultural ideas.Secondly,we need to understand the risk characteristics of genetically modified foods,which belong to the risk of"ignorance"and should pay attention to the"second-order risk",that is,"inadequate regulation" and"excessive regulation".After comparing the two,it is concluded that legislators should adhere to a circumspect and strict attitude,with the principle of prevention as the core,scientific evidence,openness and democratic participation,whole process control,hierarchical management and dynamic control as the important composition of the idea to establish a genetically modified labeling system.Finally,it is suggested to determine the scope of labeling by clarifying the definition of genetically modified foods,establishing dynamic management catalogs,setting reasonable thresholds,establishing an exemption system for labeling,and prohibiting reverse labeling.
作者
赵伟勋
Zhao Weixun(Law School,Nankai University,Tianjin,300350 China)
出处
《农业科技管理》
2021年第5期39-43,62,共6页
Management of Agricultural Science and Technology
关键词
转基因食品
标识
风险
Genetically modified foods
Labeling
Risk
