摘要
动力电池领域对锂二次电池的能量密度和安全性提出了更高要求,研究高能量密度固态锂电池对发展新能源产业具有重要意义。相比传统的有机电解液锂离子电池,采用聚合物固体电解质的聚合物固态锂电池不但具有明显提升的安全性,而且能够匹配高容量电极材料,实现能量密度的有效提升。聚合物固态锂电池是最有前景的锂二次电池之一,然而聚合物固体电解质与锂负极间仍存在严重的界面副反应、锂负极表面易生长枝晶等问题。近年来,通过电解质成分调控、电解质力学性能提升、电解质/锂负极界面调控和匹配三维锂负极等手段,聚合物基固态锂电池性能明显提升。基于此,本文介绍了常见的聚合物固体电解质及其与锂负极间的界面挑战,从添加无机填料、使用高强度基底膜、分级层状结构设计、构筑界面缓冲层、交联网络设计以及固态锂负极保护等几个方面综述了提升聚合物基电解质/锂负极界面稳定性的最新研究成果,最后对解决聚合物固体电解质/锂负极界面兼容性的研发方向和发展趋势进行了展望。
The energy density and safety of lithium secondary batteries are urgently required to be improved.Research on high-energy-density solid-state lithium batteries is of great significance to development of the new energy industries.Compared with the traditional organic electrolyte lithium-ion battery,the solid-state lithium battery with polymer solid electrolyte not only has significantly improved security,but also can match with high-capacity electrode materials to effectively improve the energy density.The polymer-based solid-state lithium battery is one of the most promising lithium secondary batteries.However,there are still some problems between polymer solid electrolyte and lithium anode,such as interface side reaction and lithium dendrites.In recent years,various methods have been used to improve the performance of solid-state lithium battery,including electrolyte composition regulation,electrolyte mechanical properties improvement,electrolyte/lithium anode interface regulation and matching three-dimensional lithium anode.Here,the common polymer solid electrolyte and its interface challenges with lithium anode are firstly introduced.Simultaneously,the recent research progress on improving the interface stability of polymer electrolyte/lithium anode is summarized and discussed in detail,including:adding inorganic fillers,using high-strength substrate film,building hierarchical layered structure,constructing interfacial buffer layer,designing and developing electrolyte with cross-linking network structure and fabricating protected solid-state lithium anode.Finally,the research and development trend of polymer solid electrolyte/lithium anode interface compatibility are prospected.
作者
陈龙
黄少博
邱景义
张浩
曹高萍
Long Chen;Shaobo Huang;Jingyi Qiu;Hao Zhang;Gaoping Cao(Research Institute of Chemical Defense,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期1378-1389,共12页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.22075320,21875284)资助
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(No.2020M683741)。
关键词
聚合物电解质
锂负极
界面
枝晶
固态锂电池
polymer electrolyte
lithium anode
interface
dendrite
solid-state lithium battery
