摘要
目的分析上海市职业性尘肺病发病特点及变化趋势,为职业性尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法利用上海市1949—2019年职业性尘肺病回顾性随访调查结果,描述性分析职业性尘肺病在发病年龄、工龄、性别、生存状态、尘肺种类、行业类别、地区分布以及医疗保障情况等方面的分布特征。结果上海市累计报告职业性尘肺病共计6 742例,1 711例尚存活,现患比例为25.38%,男女发病比例为9.80∶1,以尘肺壹期为主(5 810例,86.18%),尘肺病平均发病年龄(50.90±10.68)岁,平均接尘工龄(18.35±10.01)年。近十年(2010—2019年)尘肺病发病在职业病发病中占比明显下降,仅占总数的6.32%。尘肺病种以矽肺(3 358例,49.81%)、铸工尘肺(1 519例,22.53%)、石棉肺(674例,10.00%)、电焊工尘肺(637例,9.45%)为主;2000年后电焊工尘肺病发病在尘肺病例中的占比逐渐升至首位。现患尘肺病例中有95.68%(1 637例)享受不同类型医疗保障,无任何医疗保障者均为来沪人员。结论上海市职业性尘肺病发病呈下降趋势,电焊工尘肺、矽肺是现阶段防治的重点病种,外来人员医疗保障水平较低。应总结职业性尘肺病防治经验,按病种分类管理,提高外来务工人员劳动保障水平,加强对重点行业的监管。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and trends of occupational pneumoconiosis in Shanghai city, thereby provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods According to the retrospective data of occupational pneumoconiosis during 1949—2019 in Shanghai city, distribution characteristics were analyzed descriptively by age of onset, exposure years old, gender, existence state, disease type, industry, regions and insurance.Results The results showed that a total of 6 742 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis have been reported in Shanghai, 1 711 cases survived, the prevalence rate was 25.38%.The male-to-female incidence ratio was 9.80∶1, stage 1 was the main kind of pneumoconiosis(5 810 cases, 86.18%);the average onset age of pneumoconiosis was(50.90±10.68) years old, and the average exposure time to dusts was(18.35±10.01) years.It was also showed that in recent ten years(2010—2019), the incidence of pneumoconiosis decreased significantly, only accounting for 6.32% of the total, the leading sorts were silicosis(3 358 cases, 49.81%), founder’s pneumoconiosis(1 519 cases, 22.53%), asbestosis(674 cases, 10.00%) and welder’s pneumoconiosis(637 cases, 9.45%), while after 2000, the incidence of welder’s pneumoconiosis gradually rose to the top.Among present cases, 95.68%(1 637 cases) may enjoy different types of insurance, and those without any insurance were all the migrant workers to Shanghai.Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Shanghai is showing a decreasing trend, welder’s pneumoconiosis and silicosis are the key diseases for prevention and treatment at present stage, the protection level for migrant workers is low.Therefore, it should be necessary to summarize the experience in prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis, carry out classified management according to the sort of pneumoconiosis, improve the labor security level of migrant workers, and strengthen the supervision of key industries.
作者
瞿菁
刘美霞
窦婷婷
丁文彬
郭薇薇
李传奇
蒲立力
杨凤
尹艳
庄冉
QU Jing;LIU Mei-xia;DOU Ting-ting;DING Wen-bin;GUO Wei-wei;LI Chuan-qi;PU Li-li;YANG Feng;YIN Yan;ZHUANG Ran(Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Department of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,Shanghai 200336,China)
出处
《中国工业医学杂志》
CAS
2021年第4期301-305,共5页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine
关键词
职业性尘肺病
回顾性调查
发病特点
occupational pneumoconiosis
retrospective investigation
clinical characteristics at onset time
