摘要
“症”是“證”的俗字,用以代指“證”中有关疾病的义项。欲考察其产生、发展的具体时期,当依据古籍的刊刻年代而非成书年代。元以前刻本中未见“症”字,“症”字诞生的时间下限大约在元末,弘治、正德、嘉靖三朝“症”字始多见于版刻,万历以降“症”字开始大量替代“證”,逐渐成为表示“病症”这一义项时的主要用字。其产生、发展、普及与词义分化的需要、文人刻书的风尚、医学丛书的刊行、戏曲小说的繁荣有较为密切的联系。清代至民国“症”仍与“證”混用,而今“症”字表“症状”之义,主要是在西医学影响下,中医学欲昭示自身独特性的结果。
The Chinese character Zheng(症)is originally the non-standard form of Zheng(證),which is used to denote the meaning relating to diseases in Zheng(證)(syndrome).It is the time when the ancient book is engraved instead of when it is written that we should resort to in order to investigate the specific period of its emergence and development.Zheng(症)is not found in the engraved editions before the Yuan Dynasty,and its emergence is approximately in the late Yuan Dynasty at the latest.During the periods of Emperor Hongzhi,Zhengde and Jiajing,Zheng(症)began to be widely used in the block-printed ancient documents.Since the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,the Chinese character Zheng(症)begins to replace Zheng(證)in large quantities and gradually becomes the main term for the meaning of disease.Its emergence,development and popularization are closely related to the semantic divergence of words,the convention of men of letters for engraving their books,the publication of medical books,and the prosperity of the Chinese traditional dramas and fictions.During the period from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,there is still a mixed use of Zheng(症)and Zheng(證).Today,the Chinese character Zheng(症)represents the meaning of symptom,which is mainly the result of Chinese medicine’s desire to show its own uniqueness under the influence of western medicine.
作者
刘雨茁
王育林
LIU Yuzhuo;WANG Yulin(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《长春中医药大学学报》
2021年第5期968-971,共4页
Journal of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BZS174)。
关键词
症
證
源流
俗字
版本
Zheng(症)
Zheng(證)
origin and evolution
non-standard form
edition
