摘要
空气污染由于其健康损害的不可逆性以及可见度高易于感知的特点,对于企业员工的迁徙倾向具有重大影响。基于人力资本异质性视角,企业内部谈判能力与迁移能力更强的科技创新人员流失可能性更高,人才流失的异质性现象对于企业基于创新的污染治理路径将带来"釜底抽薪"式影响,成为重污染地区企业空气质量治理的后发劣势。空气污染对于技术人员的挤出效应大小,关乎企业创新导向绿色转型的成败,近年的PM2.5数据披露与我国独有的上市公司员工技能分类披露为验证这一假说提供了独特的研究场景,本文以2007—2016年的A股上市公司作为研究样本,将城市层面的空气污染数据与公司层面技术员工数据匹配,考察了空气污染与技术人员流失的关系。研究发现:空气污染对员工人力资本的挤出具有技术异质性,气候人力资本挤出效应集中体现在与创新相关度最高的技术型员工上;其次,引入三重差分模型的分析显示,重污染行业存在人力资本挤出视角的后发劣势,且在企业绿色转型过程中,环境规制强度的提高进一步地加重了这一挤出效应;最后,空气污染经由技术人才流失渠道,对于企业的创新水平具有明确抑制作用。本文对于员工人力资本的异质性拓展提供了新的验证证据,同时为绿色转型期的企业人力资源管理配置方向提供了明确的政策建议。
Air pollution,due to the characteristics of irreversibility of health damage,high visibility and easy perception,has a significant impact on the migration tendency of employees in enterprises.Based on the perspective of heterogeneity of human capital,technological innovation personnel with stronger negotiating and migration capabilities within a company are more likely to be lost..The heterogeneous phenomenon of brain drain will have a drastic influence on the innovative pollution control path of enterprises,and it will become the disadvantage of backwardness of air quality control for enterprises in heavily polluted areas..The crowding-out effect of air pollution on innovative talents is related to the success or failure of an enterprise’s innovation-oriented green transformation.The PM2.5 data disclosure in recent years and the classified disclosure of employees’skills of China’s unique listed companies provide A unique research scenario to test this hypothesis.In this paper,A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2016 are taken as research samples.The air pollution data at the city level were matched with the data of technical employees at the firm level to investigate the relationship between air pollution and innovation brain drain.The results show that air pollution has technical heterogeneity on the extrusion of human capital,and the extrusion effect of climate human capital is mainly reflected on the skilled employees with the highest correlation with innovation.Secondly,the analysis of the triple difference model shows that the heavy pollution industry has the disadvantage of human capital crowding out,and in the process of green transformation,the improvement of environmental regulation intensity further aggravates this crowding out effect.Finally,air pollution has a clear inhibiting effect on the innovation level of enterprises through the channel of technological brain drain.This paper provides new verification evidence for the development of employee human capital heterogeneity,and provides clear
作者
雎华蕾
汶海
Hualei JU;Hai WEN(School of Economics,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi'an 710063;School of Economics and Management,Xiamen University of Technology,Xiamen 361024)
出处
《中国人力资源开发》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第9期90-109,共20页
Human Resources Development of China
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(71232005)
国家自然科学基金重大项目(71790601)。
关键词
空气污染
劳动力技术异质性
绿色转型
Air Pollution
Labor Force Heterogeneity
Green Transformation
