摘要
【目的】建立小麦成株期氮效率评价方法,挖掘和筛选氮高效种质资源,为小麦氮效率的生理机制研究和氮高效品种的选育提供理论依据和材料基础。【方法】2018—2020年,以108份不同基因型小麦品种为材料,采用大田试验,设置4个氮肥处理水平(0、180、240和360 kg·hm^(-2)),调查不同氮水平下小麦株高、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、茎粗、可育小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、粒长、粒宽和单穗产量11个农艺及产量性状,利用模糊隶属函数法、主成分分析法以及聚类分析法对小麦品种进行耐氮性评价和基因型差异分类。【结果】连续2年的数据结果显示,在低氮胁迫下,株高、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、茎粗、可育小穗数、穗粒数和单穗产量8个性状均受到不同程度的抑制,其中,旗叶长对氮胁迫的敏感程度最大。主成分分析提取4个主成分,贡献率分别为39.766%、16.661%、9.361%和9.275%,累积贡献率达75.064%。以耐低氮性综合评价D值进行聚类分析,将供试小麦品种划分为强耐低氮型、耐低氮型、中间型、较敏感型和敏感型5类。筛选出耐低氮型小麦品种5份,温麦19、西农529、石4185、陇麦212和丰抗2,强耐低氮型小麦品种2份,中麦875和西农158。与低氮胁迫不同,高氮胁迫仅抑制茎粗、千粒重、粒长、粒宽和单穗产量5个性状,株高、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、可育小穗数和穗粒数6个性状值随施氮量上升而增加。4个主成分的贡献率分别为31.348%、20.387%、12.452%和9.850%,累积贡献率达74.037%。依据耐高氮性综合评价D值,将供试小麦品种划分为耐高氮型、中间型、高氮较敏感型和高氮敏感型4类。鉴定出耐高氮型小麦品种9份,包括兰考矮早8、良星99、农大179、豫农9901、兰考926和郑农46等。基于籽粒产量和氮综合评价D值,将108份小麦品种划分为4种氮效率类型,双高效型(西农158和陇麦212等)、低氮高效�
【Objective】In order to provide theoretical foundation for the study of physiological mechanism of nitrogen efficiency in wheat and material basis for the breeding of nitrogen efficiency varieties,the evaluation method for nitrogen efficiency of wheat at mature stage was established to explore and screen nitrogen efficiency germplasm resources.【Method】In the field experiment,108 different genotype wheat varieties were used for the treatment of 4 nitrogen application(0,180,240,360 kg·hm^(-2)).Eleven indexes of major agronomic traits,including plant height,spike length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,stem diameter,fertile spikelet number,grain number per spike,thousand kernel weight,grain length,grain width and grain weight per spike were measured for two consecutive years.The nitrogen tolerance and genotype difference of wheat varieties were assessed by the method of Fuzzy membership function,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The results of two-year data show that plant height,spike length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,stem diameter,fertile spikelet number,spike grain number and grain weight per spike under low nitrogen stress were all inhibited to varying degrees,among which flag leaf length was the most sensitive to nitrogen stress.Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and the contribution rate was 39.766%,16.661%,9.361%and 9.275%,respectively.The cumulative contribution rate reached 75.064%.According to the comprehensive evaluation D value of low nitrogen tolerance,the tested wheat varieties were divided into 5 types:strong low nitrogen tolerance,low nitrogen tolerance,intermediate,low nitrogen light sensitive and low nitrogen sensitive.Five low-nitrogen tolerant wheats including Wenmai19,Xinong 529,Shi 4185,Longmai 212 and Fengkang 2 and two strong low-nitrogen tolerant wheats(Zhongmai 875 and Xinong 158)were selected.Different from low nitrogen stress,high nitrogen stress only inhibited 5 traits including stem diameter,thousand kernel
作者
赵瑞
张旭辉
张程炀
郭泾磊
汪妤
李红霞
ZHAO Rui;ZHANG XuHui;ZHANG ChengYang;GUO JingLei;WANG Yu;LI HongXia(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第18期3818-3833,共16页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871618)
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0100706)
陕西省重点研发计划(2021NY-082)。
关键词
小麦
氮效率
筛选指标
综合评价
wheat
nitrogen efficiency
screening index
comprehensive evaluation
